ㅂ

• IPA^(key): /p/

ㅂ (b)

1. The Jeju consonant, ㅂ.

The Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye, the treatise introducing the principles behind the Korean alphabet written by its inventor King Sejong in 1446, explains that this glyph was derived by adding a stroke to ㅁ (m, “m”), which itself is a visual representation of a mouth, to represent the fact that both /m/ and /p/ are labial sounds. In Hunmin Jeongeum Haerye, ㅂ is followed by ㅍ and ㅁ.

Gari Ledyard proposes that Sejong derived ㅂ from the 'Phags-pa letter ꡎ (p) turned rightwards, and that ㅁ was in fact created by removing the upper part of ㅂ. Ledyard gives evidence that Sejong was inspired by 'Phags-pa for the basic glyph forms, although he changed the shapes of the letters drastically in order to enhance the simplicity and rationality of his script, and the ultimate shape of the letters may indeed have been influenced by that of the speech organs (Ledyard 1997).

• IPA^(key): /p/
• Actual realisation:

  (word-initially) IPA^(key): [p]

  (between vowels, after nasals and liquids) IPA^(key): [b]

  (after stops) IPA^(key): [p͈]

  (before stops, or word-finally) IPA^(key): [p̚]

  (before nasals and liquids) IPA^(key): [m]

  (next to /h/) IPA^(key): [pʰ]

ㅂ • (b)

1. 비읍 (bieup, “bieup”), a jamo (letter) of Hangul, the Korean alphabet; the unaspirated bilabial plosive (/p/)

• ㅍ (p)
• ㅁ (m) (in Ledyard's account)

• (unaspirated plosive jamo): ㄷ (d, “d”), ㄱ (g, “g”)
• (bilabial jamo): ㅁ (m, “m”), ㅍ (p, “p”)