바른손
Korean
Etymology
바른 (bareun, “right-side”) + 손 (son, “hand”), ultimately equivalent to a univerbation of 바른 (bareun, “which is proper, which is straight”) + 손 (son, “hand”).
This is an innovative form that had replaced the older 오른손 (oreunson, “right hand”) in the prestige Central dialect by the early twentieth century. However, for unclear reasons, the older but now dialectal form 오른손 (oreunson) was chosen as the Standard Korean form when the standardized variety was codified in the 1930s, rather than the Central form 바른손 (bareunson). In most other cases, Central forms were standardized even when innovative.[1]
Perhaps because of this standardization and perhaps because of the influx of southern speakers into Central regions during South Korean industrialization, 바른손 (bareunson) went into decline and is now not generally understood, even after it was belatedly added to the Standard Korean lexicon in the 1980s.[1]
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [pa̠ɾɯnsʰo̞n]
- Phonetic hangul: [바른손]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | bareunson |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | baleunson |
| McCune–Reischauer? | parŭnson |
| Yale Romanization? | palunson |
Synonyms
| Historical and regional synonyms of 오른손 (oreunson, “right hand”) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| view map; edit data | |||
| Group | Region | Location | Words |
| Standardised forms | South Korean Standard Language | 오른손 (oreunson), 바른손 (bareunson) | |
| North Korean Cultured Language | 오른손 (oreunson), 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Historical forms | Middle Korean | 올〮ᄒᆞᆫ손〮 (wólhònswón) | |
| Early Modern Seoul Korean | 올ᄒᆞᆫ손 (olheunson), 올흔손 (olheunson), 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Central Korean | Gyeonggi | Modern colloquial Seoul | 오른손 (oreunson) (바른손 is virtually never used) |
| Yeoncheon | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Paju | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Pocheon | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Ganghwa | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Gimpo | 바른손 (bareunson), 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Goyang | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Yangju | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Gapyeong | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Gwangju | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Yangpyeong | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Hwaseong | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Yongin | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Icheon | 바른손 (bareunson), 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Pyeongtaek | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Anseong | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Yeongseo | Chuncheon | 바른손 (bareunson) | |
| Wonju | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Cheorwon | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Hwacheon | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Yanggu | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Inje | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Hongcheon | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Hoengseong | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Yeongdong | Gangneung | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | |
| Kosong | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Yangyang | 바른손 (bareunson), 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Samcheok | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Pyeongchang | 오룬손 (orunson) | ||
| Yeongwol | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Jeongseon | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| North Chungcheong | Cheongju | 오른손 (oreunson), 바른손 (bareunson) | |
| Jincheon | 오른손 (oreunson), 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Eumseong | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Chungju | 오룬손 (orunson) | ||
| Jecheon | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Danyang | 오룬손 (orunson) | ||
| Goesan | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Boeun | 오른손 (oreunson), 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Okcheon | 오른손 (oreunson), 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Yeongdong | 오른손 (oreunson), 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| South Chungcheong | Daejeon | 바른손 (bareunson) | |
| Seosan | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Dangjin | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Asan | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Cheonan | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Yesan | 바룬손 (barunson) | ||
| Hongseong | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Cheongyang | 바룬손 (barunson) | ||
| Gongju | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Boryeong | 바르손 (bareuson) | ||
| Buyeo | 바룬손 (barunson) | ||
| Seocheon | 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Nonsan | 바로손 (baroson) | ||
| Geumsan | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| South Hwanghae | Ongjin | 바른손 (bareunson) | |
| Gyeongsang Korean | North Gyeongsang | Daegu | 오른손 (óréunsòn) |
| Yeongju | 오린손 (órínsòn) | ||
| Bonghwa | 오린손 (órínsòn) | ||
| Uljin | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Mungyeong | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Yecheon | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Andong | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Yeongyang | 오린손 (órínsòn) | ||
| Sangju | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Uiseong | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Cheongsong | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Yeongdeok | 오린짝 손 (órínjják sòn) | ||
| Gimcheon | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Gumi | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Gunwi | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Pohang | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Seongju | 오린손 (órínsòn) | ||
| Chilgok | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Gyeongsan | 오린손 (órínsòn) | ||
| Yeongcheon | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Goryeong | 오른쪽 손 (óréunjjók sòn) | ||
| Cheongdo | 오른손 (óréunsòn), 오린손 (órínsòn) | ||
| Gyeongju | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| South Gyeongsang | Ulsan | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | |
| Changwon | 오른손 (óréunsòn), 오론손 (órónsòn) | ||
| Geochang | 오른쪽 손 (óréunjjók sòn) | ||
| Hapcheon | 오른손 (óréunsòn), 오른짝 손 (óréunjják sòn) | ||
| Changnyeong | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Miryang | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Hamyang | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Sancheong | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Uiryeong | 오른손 (óréunsòn), 오론손 (órónsòn) | ||
| Hadong | 오른손 (óréunsòn), 온짝 손 (ónjják sòn) | ||
| Jinju | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Haman | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Gimhae | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Yangsan | 오른손 (óréunsòn), 오른쪽 손 (óréunjjók sòn), 오룬쪽 손 (órúnjjók sòn) | ||
| Sacheon | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Goseong | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Namhae | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Tongyeong | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Geoje | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Ulju | 오른손 (óréunsòn) | ||
| Jeolla Korean | North Jeolla | Gunsan | 오룬손 (orunson) |
| Iksan | 오룬손 (orunson) | ||
| Wanju | 오룬손 (orunson), 바른손 (bareunson) | ||
| Jinan | 오룬손 (orunson) | ||
| Muju | 오룬손 (orunson) | ||
| Gimje | 오린손 (orinson) | ||
| Buan | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Jeongeup | 오린손 (orinson) | ||
| Imsil | 오룬손 (orunson) | ||
| Jangsu | 오룬손 (orunson) | ||
| Gochang | 오린손 (orinson) | ||
| Sunchang | 오린손 (orinson) | ||
| Namwon | 오룬손 (orunson) | ||
| South Jeolla | Gwangju | 오린손 (orinson) | |
| Yeonggwang | 오린손 (orinson) | ||
| Jangseong | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Damyang | 오린손 (orinson) | ||
| Gokseong | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Gurye | 오린손 (orinson) | ||
| Hampyeong | 오린손 (orinson) | ||
| Sinan | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Muan | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Mokpo | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Naju | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Hwasun | 오린손 (orinson) | ||
| Suncheon | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Gwangyang | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Yeongam | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Jindo | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Haenam | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Gangjin | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Wando | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Jangheung | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Boseong | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Goheung | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Yeosu | 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Yukjin Korean | Diaspora | Hunchun | 오른손 (òrèunsón) |
| Jeju | Jeju City | ᄂᆞ단손 (nawdanson), 오른손 (oreunson) | |
| Daejeong | ᄂᆞ단손 (nawdanson), 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Gujwa | ᄂᆞ단손 (nawdanson), 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| Seogwipo | ᄂᆞ단손 (nawdanson), 오른손 (oreunson) | ||
| This table is an amalgamation of surveys of speakers mostly born before 1950 and may not reflect the language of younger speakers, which has lexically converged towards the standard Seoul dialect in both North and South Koreas. | |||
References
- 이승재 [iseungjae] ((Can we date this quote?)) “'바른손'과 '오른손' [bareunson gwa oreunson]”, in korean.go.kr, National Institute of the Korean Language
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