鍛える
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 鍛 |
| きた Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "鍛える"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
鍛える | きたえる | [kìtáéꜜrù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 鍛えろ | きたえろ | [kìtáéꜜrò] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 鍛えられる | きたえられる | [kìtáéráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 鍛えさせる | きたえさせる | [kìtáésáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | 鍛えられる | きたえられる | [kìtáéráréꜜrù] |
| Volitional | 鍛えよう | きたえよー | [kìtáéyóꜜò] |
| Negative | 鍛えない | きたえない | [kìtáéꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 鍛えなかった | きたえなかった | [kìtáéꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 鍛えます | きたえます | [kìtáémáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 鍛えた | きたえた | [kìtáꜜètà] |
| Conjunctive | 鍛えて | きたえて | [kìtáꜜètè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 鍛えれば | きたえれば | [kìtáéꜜrèbà] |
Conjugation
Conjugation of "鍛える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 鍛え | きたえ | kitae | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 鍛え | きたえ | kitae | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 鍛える | きたえる | kitaeru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 鍛える | きたえる | kitaeru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 鍛えれ | きたえれ | kitaere | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 鍛えよ¹ 鍛えろ² |
きたえよ¹ きたえろ² |
kitaeyo¹ kitaero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 鍛えられる | きたえられる | kitaerareru | |
| Causative | 鍛えさせる 鍛えさす |
きたえさせる きたえさす |
kitaesaseru kitaesasu | |
| Potential | 鍛えられる 鍛えれる³ |
きたえられる きたえれる³ |
kitaerareru kitaereru³ | |
| Volitional | 鍛えよう | きたえよう | kitaeyō | |
| Negative | 鍛えない 鍛えぬ 鍛えん |
きたえない きたえぬ きたえん |
kitaenai kitaenu kitaen | |
| Negative continuative | 鍛えず | きたえず | kitaezu | |
| Formal | 鍛えます | きたえます | kitaemasu | |
| Perfective | 鍛えた | きたえた | kitaeta | |
| Conjunctive | 鍛えて | きたえて | kitaete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 鍛えれば | きたえれば | kitaereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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