違える

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
違
ちが
Grade: S
kun’yomi

See 違う (chigau, “different”).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ちがえる [chìgáérú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [t͡ɕiɡa̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

違(ちが)える • (chigaeru) ←ちがへる (tigaferu)?transitive ichidan (stem 違(ちが)え (chigae), past 違(ちが)えた (chigaeta))

Japanese verb pair
active 違(ちが)える (違(ちが)える)
mediopassive 違(ちが)う (違(ちが)う)
  1. to change, to make different
  2. to err in, to make a mistake in
  3. to break (a promise), to fail to keep
  4. to dislocate (one's muscle or joint)
  5. to cross, to intersect
Conjugation
Conjugation of "違える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 違え ちがえ chigae
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 違え ちがえ chigae
Shūshikei ("terminal") 違える ちがえる chigaeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 違える ちがえる chigaeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 違えれ ちがえれ chigaere
Meireikei ("imperative") 違えよ¹
違えろ²		 ちがえよ¹
ちがえろ²		 chigaeyo¹
chigaero²
Key constructions
Passive 違えられる ちがえられる chigaerareru
Causative 違えさせる
違えさす		 ちがえさせる
ちがえさす		 chigaesaseru
chigaesasu
Potential 違えられる
違えれる³		 ちがえられる
ちがえれる³		 chigaerareru
chigaereru³
Volitional 違えよう ちがえよう chigaeyō
Negative 違えない
違えぬ
違えん		 ちがえない
ちがえぬ
ちがえん		 chigaenai
chigaenu
chigaen
Negative continuative 違えず ちがえず chigaezu
Formal 違えます ちがえます chigaemasu
Perfective 違えた ちがえた chigaeta
Conjunctive 違えて ちがえて chigaete
Hypothetical conditional 違えれば ちがえれば chigaereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Classical conjugation of "違ふ" (ハ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 違へちがへtigafe
Continuative (連用形) 違へちがへtigafe
Terminal (終止形) 違ふちがふtigafu
Attributive (連体形) 違ふるちがふるtigafuru
Realis (已然形) 違ふれちがふれtigafure
Imperative (命令形) 違へよちがへよtigafeyo
Key constructions
Negative 違へずちがへずtigafezu
Contrasting conjunction 違ふれどちがふれどtigafuredo
Causal conjunction 違ふればちがふればtigafureba
Conditional conjunction 違へばちがへばtigafeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 違へきちがへきtigafeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 違へけりちがへけりtigafekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 違へつちがへつtigafetu
Perfect tense (natural event) 違へぬちがへぬtigafenu
Perfect-continuative tense 違へたりちがへたりtigafetari
Volitional 違へむちがへむtigafemu

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
違
たが
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) たがえ​る [tàgáéꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ta̠ɡa̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

違(たが)える • (tagaeru) ←たがへる (tagaferu)?transitive ichidan (stem 違(たが)え (tagae), past 違(たが)えた (tagaeta))

Japanese verb pair
active 違(たが)える (違(たが)える)
mediopassive 違(たが)う (違(たが)う)
  1. Same as 違(ちが)える (senses 1–3)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "違える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 違え たがえ tagae
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 違え たがえ tagae
Shūshikei ("terminal") 違える たがえる tagaeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 違える たがえる tagaeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 違えれ たがえれ tagaere
Meireikei ("imperative") 違えよ¹
違えろ²		 たがえよ¹
たがえろ²		 tagaeyo¹
tagaero²
Key constructions
Passive 違えられる たがえられる tagaerareru
Causative 違えさせる
違えさす		 たがえさせる
たがえさす		 tagaesaseru
tagaesasu
Potential 違えられる
違えれる³		 たがえられる
たがえれる³		 tagaerareru
tagaereru³
Volitional 違えよう たがえよう tagaeyō
Negative 違えない
違えぬ
違えん		 たがえない
たがえぬ
たがえん		 tagaenai
tagaenu
tagaen
Negative continuative 違えず たがえず tagaezu
Formal 違えます たがえます tagaemasu
Perfective 違えた たがえた tagaeta
Conjunctive 違えて たがえて tagaete
Hypothetical conditional 違えれば たがえれば tagaereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Classical conjugation of "違ふ" (ハ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 違へたがへtagafe
Continuative (連用形) 違へたがへtagafe
Terminal (終止形) 違ふたがふtagafu
Attributive (連体形) 違ふるたがふるtagafuru
Realis (已然形) 違ふれたがふれtagafure
Imperative (命令形) 違へよたがへよtagafeyo
Key constructions
Negative 違へずたがへずtagafezu
Contrasting conjunction 違ふれどたがふれどtagafuredo
Causal conjunction 違ふればたがふればtagafureba
Conditional conjunction 違へばたがへばtagafeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 違へきたがへきtagafeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 違へけりたがへけりtagafekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 違へつたがへつtagafetu
Perfect tense (natural event) 違へぬたがへぬtagafenu
Perfect-continuative tense 違へたりたがへたりtagafetari
Volitional 違へむたがへむtagafemu

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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