遊ぶ
Japanese
Etymology
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 遊 |
| あそ Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *asonpu.
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "遊ぶ"
| Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary | |||
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) |
遊ぶ | あそぶ | [àsóbú] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 遊べ | あそべ | [àsóbé] |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 遊ばれる | あそばれる | [àsóbárérú] |
| Causative | 遊ばせる | あそばせる | [àsóbásérú] |
| Potential | 遊べる | あそべる | [àsóbérú] |
| Volitional | 遊ぼう | あそぼー | [àsóbóꜜò] |
| Negative | 遊ばない | あそばない | [àsóbánáí] |
| Negative perfective | 遊ばなかった | あそばなかった | [àsóbánáꜜkàttà] |
| Formal | 遊びます | あそびます | [àsóbímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 遊んだ | あそんだ | [àsóńdá] |
| Conjunctive | 遊んで | あそんで | [àsóńdé] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 遊べば | あそべば | [àsóbéꜜbà] |
Usage notes
Unlike "play" in English, this term is applied to both children and adults. (This leads to usage errors such as "I enjoy playing with my girlfriend on weekends.") It is used broadly for any enjoyable activity such as socializing.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "遊ぶ" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 遊ば | あそば | asoba |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 遊び | あそび | asobi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 遊ぶ | あそぶ | asobu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 遊ぶ | あそぶ | asobu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 遊べ | あそべ | asobe |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 遊べ | あそべ | asobe |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 遊ばれる | あそばれる | asobareru |
| Causative | 遊ばせる 遊ばす |
あそばせる あそばす |
asobaseru asobasu |
| Potential | 遊べる | あそべる | asoberu |
| Volitional | 遊ぼう | あそぼう | asobō |
| Negative | 遊ばない | あそばない | asobanai |
| Negative continuative | 遊ばず | あそばず | asobazu |
| Formal | 遊びます | あそびます | asobimasu |
| Perfective | 遊んだ | あそんだ | asonda |
| Conjunctive | 遊んで | あそんで | asonde |
| Hypothetical conditional | 遊べば | あそべば | asobeba |
Classical conjugation of "遊ぶ" (バ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 遊ば | あそば | asoba |
| Continuative (連用形) | 遊び | あそび | asobi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 遊ぶ | あそぶ | asobu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 遊ぶ | あそぶ | asobu |
| Realis (已然形) | 遊べ | あそべ | asobe |
| Imperative (命令形) | 遊べ | あそべ | asobe |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 遊ばず | あそばず | asobazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 遊べど | あそべど | asobedo |
| Causal conjunction | 遊べば | あそべば | asobeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 遊ばば | あそばば | asobaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 遊びき | あそびき | asobiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 遊びけり | あそびけり | asobikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 遊びつ | あそびつ | asobitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 遊びぬ | あそびぬ | asobinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 遊べり 遊びたり | あそべり あそびたり | asoberi asobitari |
| Volitional | 遊ばむ | あそばむ | asobamu |
References
- “遊”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
- Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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