聞こえる

Japanese
Kanji in this term
聞
き
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Alternative forms
  • 聞える

Etymology

⟨ki1ka yu⟩ → ⟨ki1ko2yu⟩ → */kʲikəju/ → /kikoju/ → /kikojeru/ → /kikoeru/

From Old Japanese verb 聞こゆ (kikoyu), itself derived from the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of 聞く (kiku, “to hear, listen”) kika + ゆ (-yu, attributive suffix).[1][2]

Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) きこえる [kìkóérú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [kʲi̥ko̞e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "聞こえる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 聞こえる きこえる [kìkóérú]
Imperative (命令形) 聞こえろ きこえろ [kìkóéró]
Key constructions
Passive 聞こえられる きこえられる [kìkóérárérú]
Causative 聞こえさせる きこえさせる [kìkóésásérú]
Potential - - -
Volitional 聞こえよう きこえよ​ー [kìkóéyóꜜò]
Negative 聞こえない きこえない [kìkóénáí]
Negative perfective 聞こえなかった きこえな​かった [kìkóénáꜜkàttà]
Formal 聞こえます きこえま​す [kìkóémáꜜsù]
Perfective 聞こえた きこえた [kìkóétá]
Conjunctive 聞こえて きこえて [kìkóété]
Hypothetical conditional 聞こえれば きこえれ​ば [kìkóéréꜜbà]

Verb

聞(き)こえる • (kikoeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 聞(き)こえ (kikoe), past 聞(き)こえた (kikoeta))

Japanese verb pair
active 聞く
mediopassive 聞こえる
  1. to be heard
    蝉(せみ)の鳴(な)き声(ごえ)が聞(き)こえる。
    Semi no nakigoe ga kikoeru.
    I can hear the chirping of cicadas.
  2. to be audible
    彼(かれ)の携(けい)帯(たい)電(でん)話(わ)が、映(えい)画(が)館(かん)の観(かん)客(きゃく)全(ぜん)員(いん)が聞(き)こえるぐらいに鳴(な)り響(ひび)いた。
    Kare no keitai denwa ga, eigakan no kankyaku zen'in ga kikoeru gurai ni narihibiita.
    His cellphone rang loud enough for everyone in the movie theater to hear it.
    海(うみ)が聞(き)こえる。
    Umi ga kikoeru.
    I can hear the ocean.
    • 2006 November 7, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)百(ひゃく)二(に)十(じゅう)八(はち)訓(くん)　運(うん)に身(み)分(ぶん)は関(かん)係(けい)ない [Lesson 128: Luck Has Nothing to Do with Social Status]”, in 銀(ぎん)魂(たま) (銀(ぎん)魂(たま)) [Silver Soul], volume 15 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
      ヤベーよ　なんで４(よん)番(ばん)引(ひ)いてんだよ　あのバカ殿(との)　ヤベーよ　怒(おこ)ってるよアレ絶(ぜっ)対(たい)勘(かん)弁(べん)してくれよ　悪(わる)気(ぎ)はなかったんだよ　しかも　よりによってもっさりブリーフの日(ひ)にあたっちまったよ　恥(はじ)の上(うわ)塗(ぬ)りだよ
      Yabē yo Nan de yonban hiiten da yo ano bakatono Yabē yo Okotteru yo are Zettai kanben shite kure yo Warugi wa nakattan da yo Shikamo yoriniyotte mossari burīfu no hi ni atatchimatta yo Haji no uwanuri da yo
      We’re screwed! Why did the stupid lord have to draw number 4!? We’re screwed! He’s really mad! Please leave me outta this! And he’s wearing such lame briefs today of all days! Which makes him even more pathetic!
      将(しょう)軍(ぐん)家(け)は代(だい)々(だい)　もっさりブリーフ派(は)だ
      Shōgunke wa daidai mossari burīfu-ha da
      For generations of the shogun clan, we’ve always been fans of lame briefs
      ヤベーよ　きこえてたよ　しかも毎(まい)日(にち)もっさりライフだよ
      Yabē yo Kikoeteta yo Shikamo mainichi mossari raifu da yo
      We’re screwed! He heard me! And he’s been lame all his life!
    • 2006 November 7, Hideaki Sorachi, “第(だい)百(ひゃく)二(に)十(じゅう)八(はち)訓(くん)　運(うん)に身(み)分(ぶん)は関(かん)係(けい)ない [Lesson 128: Luck Has Nothing to Do with Social Status]”, in 銀(ぎん)魂(たま) (銀(ぎん)魂(たま)) [Silver Soul], volume 15 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
      ヤベーよ　二(に)週(しゅう)連(れん)続(ぞく)モザイクトーン使(し)用(よう)だよ　ネタ切(ぎ)れだと思(おも)われるよ　しかも　将(しょう)軍(ぐん)あっちの方(ほう)は将(しょう)軍(ぐん)じゃねーよ　足(あし)軽(がる)だよ
      Yabē yo Nishū renzoku mozaiku tōn shiyō dayo Netagire da to omowareru yo Shikamo shōgun atchi no hō wa shōgun ja nē yo Ashigaru da yo
      We’re screwed! We’ve been using pixelated imagery two weeks in a row now! People will think we’re running out of ideas! And his bit down there is barely a shogun! More like a foot soldier!
      将(しょう)軍(ぐん)家(け)は代(だい)々(だい)あっちの方(ほう)は足(あし)軽(がる)だ
      Shōgunke wa daidai atchi no hō wa ashigaru da
      For generations of the shōgun clan, our bits down there have always been foot soldiers
      ヤベーよ　きこえてたよ　もう確(かく)実(じつ)に打(う)ち首(くび)獄(ごく)門(もん)だよ
      Yabē yo Kikoeteta yo Mō kakujitsu ni uchikubigokumon da yo
      We’re screwed! He heard me again! Our heads are gonna be put on display!
  3. sound, be taken as (give someone a certain impression from hearing)
  4. to be widely known; to be famous

Conjugation
Conjugation of "聞こえる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 聞こえ きこえ kikoe
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 聞こえ きこえ kikoe
Shūshikei ("terminal") 聞こえる きこえる kikoeru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 聞こえる きこえる kikoeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 聞こえれ きこえれ kikoere
Meireikei ("imperative") 聞こえよ¹
聞こえろ²		 きこえよ¹
きこえろ²		 kikoeyo¹
kikoero²
Key constructions
Passive 聞こえられる きこえられる kikoerareru
Causative 聞こえさせる
聞こえさす		 きこえさせる
きこえさす		 kikoesaseru
kikoesasu
Potential 聞こえられる
聞こえれる³		 きこえられる
きこえれる³		 kikoerareru
kikoereru³
Volitional 聞こえよう きこえよう kikoeyō
Negative 聞こえない
聞こえぬ
聞こえん		 きこえない
きこえぬ
きこえん		 kikoenai
kikoenu
kikoen
Negative continuative 聞こえず きこえず kikoezu
Formal 聞こえます きこえます kikoemasu
Perfective 聞こえた きこえた kikoeta
Conjunctive 聞こえて きこえて kikoete
Hypothetical conditional 聞こえれば きこえれば kikoereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Derived terms
  • 聞(き)こえ (kikoe)
  • 聞(き)こえた (kikoeta)
  • 聞(き)こえよがし (kikoeyogashi)
  • 世(よ)に聞(き)こえる (yo ni kikoeru)

See also

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
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