禁じる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 禁 |
| きん Grade: 5 |
| on’yomi |
Etymology
Shift from verb 禁ずる (kinzuru), by natural progression from サ行変格活用 (sagyō henkaku katsuyō, “s-irregular conjugation”) verbs ending in -uru to 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.
Pronunciation
Conjugation
Conjugation of "禁じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 禁じ | きんじ | kinji | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 禁じ | きんじ | kinji | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 禁じる | きんじる | kinjiru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 禁じる | きんじる | kinjiru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 禁じれ | きんじれ | kinjire | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 禁じよ¹ 禁じろ² |
きんじよ¹ きんじろ² |
kinjiyo¹ kinjiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 禁じられる | きんじられる | kinjirareru | |
| Causative | 禁じさせる 禁じさす |
きんじさせる きんじさす |
kinjisaseru kinjisasu | |
| Potential | 禁じられる 禁じれる³ |
きんじられる きんじれる³ |
kinjirareru kinjireru³ | |
| Volitional | 禁じよう | きんじよう | kinjiyō | |
| Negative | 禁じない 禁じぬ 禁じん |
きんじない きんじぬ きんじん |
kinjinai kinjinu kinjin | |
| Negative continuative | 禁じず | きんじず | kinjizu | |
| Formal | 禁じます | きんじます | kinjimasu | |
| Perfective | 禁じた | きんじた | kinjita | |
| Conjunctive | 禁じて | きんじて | kinjite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 禁じれば | きんじれば | kinjireba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Synonyms
- 禁ずる (kinzuru)
Related terms
- 禁ずる (kinzuru)
References
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō
- Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN
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