用ひる

Japanese
Kanji in this term
用
もち
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Etymology

First attested in texts around the Kamakura period, persisting until around the script reforms in the 1920s.

The attestable root verb is 用ゐる (mochiwiru), itself a compound (see that entry for details). During the mid-Heian period, medial /-f-/ sounds shifted to /-w-/, leading to confusion between mid-word ゐ (wi) and ひ (wi, read as fi in word-initial position). The もちひる (mochiwiru) hiragana spelling was then reinterpreted as a conjugation of base verb もちふ (mochi(w)u), which appears as a back-formation. Later during the Kamakura and Muromachi periods, sound changes reduced medial /-w-/ still further, such that /wi/ merged into /i/. The resulting shift in the verb ending from -wiru to -iru was reinterpreted again as a conjugation of base form もちゆ (mochiyu), which again appears as a back-formation.[1][2]

Verb

用ひ(もちい)る • (mochīru) ←もちひる (motifiru)?transitive ichidan (stem 用ひ(もちい) (mochī), past 用ひ(もちい)た (mochīta))

  1. (archaic, historical, rare) alternative spelling of 用いる (mochiiru), historical 用ゐる (mochiwiru): to use
    • 1940s, Hajime Kawakami, Pillow up in the floating clouds (text here)
      室(しつ)内(ない)の歩(ほ)行(かう)に杖(つゑ)を用(もち)ひず、階(かい)上(じやう)への上(のぼ)り下(くだ)りにも、さまで脚(あし)のだるきを感(かん)ぜず。
      Shitsunai no hokō ni tsue o mochiizu, kaijō e no noborikudari ni mo, sama de ashi no daruki o kanzezu.
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    • 1946, The Constitution of Japan, Article 29:
      私(し)有(ゆう)財(ざい)產(さん)は、正(せい)當(とう)な補(ほ)償(しょう)の下(もと)に、これを公(こう)共(きょう)のために用(もち)ひることができる。
      Shiyūzaisan wa, seitō na hoshō no moto ni, kore o kōkyō no tame ni mochiiru koto ga dekiru.
      Private property may be taken for public use upon just compensation therefor.

Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "用ひる" (ハ行上一段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 用ひもちひmotifi
Continuative (連用形) 用ひもちひmotifi
Terminal (終止形) 用ひるもちひるmotifiru
Attributive (連体形) 用ひるもちひるmotifiru
Realis (已然形) 用ひれもちひれmotifire
Imperative (命令形) 用ひよもちひよmotifiyo
Key constructions
Negative 用ひずもちひずmotifizu
Contrasting conjunction 用ひれどもちひれどmotifiredo
Causal conjunction 用ひればもちひればmotifireba
Conditional conjunction 用ひばもちひばmotifiba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 用ひきもちひきmotifiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 用ひけりもちひけりmotifikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 用ひつもちひつmotifitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 用ひぬもちひぬmotifinu
Perfect-continuative tense 用ひたりもちひたりmotifitari
Volitional 用ひむもちひむmotifimu

See also

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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