決まる

Japanese
Kanji in this term
決
き
Grade: 3
kun’yomi
Alternative spellings
決る
極まる
極る

Etymology

Derived as the intransitive form of Old Japanese verb 決む (kimu, “to decide something, to conclude something; to be decided, to be concluded”).[1][2][3]

The source verb kimu appears to follow a common pattern in Old Japanese verbs where the bare form is either transitive or intransitive, depending on context. This pattern persists in some modern verbs, such as つく (tsuku). Many of these Old Japanese verbs developed explicit transitive and intransitive forms, with one group adopting an -aru on the end for the intransitive (as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) ending in -a + the conjugating る (ru) as the basic spontaneous or passive verb ending), and an -eru on the end for the transitive (as the 已然形 (izenkei, “realis or potential form”) + the disappearing る (ru) as a generic verb ending).

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "決まる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 決まる きまる [kìmárú]
Imperative (命令形) 決まれ きまれ [kìmáré]
Key constructions
Passive 決まられる きまられる [kìmárárérú]
Causative 決まらせる きまらせる [kìmárásérú]
Potential - - -
Volitional 決まろう きまろ​ー [kìmáróꜜò]
Negative 決まらない きまらない [kìmáránáí]
Negative perfective 決まらなかった きまらな​かった [kìmáránáꜜkàttà]
Formal 決まります きまりま​す [kìmárímáꜜsù]
Perfective 決まった きまった [kìmáttá]
Conjunctive 決まって きまって [kìmátté]
Hypothetical conditional 決まれば きまれ​ば [kìmáréꜜbà]

Verb

決(き)まる • (kimaru) intransitive godan (stem 決(き)まり (kimari), past 決(き)まった (kimatta))

Japanese verb pair
active 決める
mediopassive 決まる
  1. to be decided, to be concluded, to be brought to a resolution

Conjugation
Conjugation of "決まる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 決まら きまら kimara
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 決まり きまり kimari
Shūshikei ("terminal") 決まる きまる kimaru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 決まる きまる kimaru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 決まれ きまれ kimare
Meireikei ("imperative") 決まれ きまれ kimare
Key constructions
Passive 決まられる きまられる kimarareru
Causative 決まらせる
決まらす		 きまらせる
きまらす		 kimaraseru
kimarasu
Potential 決まれる きまれる kimareru
Volitional 決まろう きまろう kimarō
Negative 決まらない きまらない kimaranai
Negative continuative 決まらず きまらず kimarazu
Formal 決まります きまります kimarimasu
Perfective 決まった きまった kimatta
Conjunctive 決まって きまって kimatte
Hypothetical conditional 決まれば きまれば kimareba
Classical conjugation of "決まる" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 決まらきまらkimara
Continuative (連用形) 決まりきまりkimari
Terminal (終止形) 決まるきまるkimaru
Attributive (連体形) 決まるきまるkimaru
Realis (已然形) 決まれきまれkimare
Imperative (命令形) 決まれきまれkimare
Key constructions
Negative 決まらずきまらずkimarazu
Contrasting conjunction 決まれどきまれどkimaredo
Causal conjunction 決まればきまればkimareba
Conditional conjunction 決まらばきまらばkimaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 決まりききまりきkimariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 決まりけりきまりけりkimarikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 決まりつきまりつkimaritu
Perfect tense (natural event) 決まりぬきまりぬkimarinu
Perfect-continuative tense 決まれり
決まりたり		きまれり
きまりたり		kimareri
kimaritari
Volitional 決まらむきまらむkimaramu

Derived terms

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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