江戸

See also: 江戶 and 江户

Japanese
江戸 (Edo): Map of Edo from the 1840s.
Kanji in this term
江 戸
え
Grade: S		 と > ど
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
江戶 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

/jedo/ → /edo/

Compound of 江 (e, “cove, inlet”) +‎ 戸 (to, “entrance, gate, door”), likely in reference to the local geography.[1] The to changes to do as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

First mentioned in the 吾妻鏡 (Azuma Kagami, “Eastern Mirror”, an historical chronicle), started in 1180 and completed after 1266, in a section dated to 1180.[2]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) えど [èdó] (Heiban – [0])
  • IPA(key): [e̞do̞]

Proper noun

江(え)戸(ど) • (Edo) 

  1. [from 1180] (historical) Edo, the former name of Tokyo before 1868
  2. a surname

Descendants
  • → English: Edo, Jeddo, Yeddo, Yedo, Jendo, Yendo
  • → Russian: Э́до m (Édo)

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. “江戸”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
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