文言

文言

1. Literary Chinese (literary language used from the fall of the Han dynasty (220 C.E.) to the early 20th century)
2. Classical Chinese (literary language used in old China)

   文言詞彙／文言词汇  ―  wényán cíhuì  ―  Classical Chinese vocabulary

Careful usage distinguishes between 文言 (wényán) (literary writing, used from the fall of the Han dynasty (220 C.E.) to the early 20th century) on the one hand, and 古文 (gǔwén, “Ancient Writing”) or, formally, 古典漢語／古典汉语 (gǔdiǎn hànyǔ, “Classical Chinese”) (Classical Chinese, used from the Zhou Dynasty (1045 B.C.E.) (especially the Spring and Autumn Period), through to the end of the Han Dynasty (220 C.E.)) on the other. However, the terms are often conflated.

• Vernacular Chinese 白話／白话 (báihuà)

• 文話／文话 (wénhuà)

• (Tokyo) もんごん [mòńgóń] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) もんご​ん [mòńgóꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [mõ̞ŋɡõ̞ɴ]

文(もん)言(ごん) • (mongon) 

1. wording (esp. of written text); words

   Synonym: 文句 (monku)

   • 1927, 林不忘, 魔像 新版大岡政談‎, 青空文庫:

     矢文(やぶみ)、矢(や)のさきに手紙(てがみ)が挾(はさ)んである。開(ひら)いてみると「明夜(みょうや)、残余(ざんよ)の首頂戴(くびちょうだい)に参堂(さんどう)、御用意(ごようい)あれ」――何(なん)とも不気味(ぶきみ)な、人(ひと)を食(く)った文言(もんごん)である。

     Yabumi, ya no saki ni tegami ga hasande aru. Hiraite miru to “myōya, zan'yo no kubi chōdai ni sandō, go-yōi are”――nan to mo bukimi na, hito o kutta mongon de aru.

     A letter was fixed to the front end of the arrow. They opened it and it read, “Tomorrow night, we will visit to collect the remaining heads. Be prepared.” The words were unspeakably eerie and taunting.

• (Tokyo) ぶんげん [bùńgéń] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) ぶんげ​ん [bùńgéꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [bɯ̟̃ᵝŋɡẽ̞ɴ]

文(ぶん)言(げん) • (bungen) 

1. wording (esp. of written text); words
2. Classical Chinese; classical Chinese literary style; traditional written Chinese

   Antonym: 白話 (hakuwa)

文言 • (muneon) (hangeul 문언)

1. Hanja form^? of 문언 (“Classical Chinese wording”).

文言

1. chữ Hán form of văn ngôn (“Classical Chinese wording”).