奈落

Chinese
phonetic
trad. (奈落) 奈 落
simp. #(奈落) 奈 落

Etymology

Transliteration of Sanskrit नरक (naraka).

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 奈 奈 落
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 泥 (8) 泥 (8) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 泰 (25) 歌 (94) 鐸 (103)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) I I I
Fanqie 奴帶切 奴箇切 盧各切
Baxter najH naH lak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /nɑiH/ /nɑH/ /lɑk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /nɑiH/ /nɑH/ /lɑk̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /nɑiH/ /nɑH/ /lɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /najH/ /naH/ /lak̚/
Li
Rong		 /nɑiH/ /nɑH/ /lɑk̚/
Wang
Li		 /nɑiH/ /nɑH/ /lɑk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /nɑiH/ /nɑH/ /lɑk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 nài nuò luò
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 naai6 no6 lok6

Noun

奈落

  1. (Buddhism) the hell realm.
    Synonyms: 地獄／地狱 (dìyù), 那落迦 (nàluòjiā)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
奈 落
な
Grade: 4		 らく
Grade: 3
goon on’yomi
Alternative spellings
那落 (rare)
捺落 (rare)

Etymology

From Sanskrit नरक (naraka).[1][2][3][4][5]

First cited to a text from 985 CE.[1]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ならく [nàrákú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [na̠ɾa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

奈(な)落(らく) • (naraku) 

  1. [from circa 1060] (Buddhism) hell
    Synonyms: 地獄 (jigoku, “hell; underworld”), 魔界 (makai, “hell”), 黄泉 (yomi, “underworld”)
  2. [from 985] falling into hell
  3. [from 1694] the absolute bottom, the last straw, the worst that something can become
  4. [from 1800] (theater) a theater basement, a trap cellar (under the stage)
  5. [from ???] (video games, platform games) bottomless pit; an invisible place below the playable area that usually kills the game characters falling into it

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  4. “奈落”, in ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典 (Buritanika Kokusai Dai Hyakka Jiten: Shō Kōmoku Jiten, “Encyclopædia Britannica International: Micropædia”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Britannica Japan Co., Ltd., 2014
  5. “奈落”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
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