天鵞絨

See also: 天鵝絨

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
天 鵞 絨
てん
Grade: 1		 が
Hyōgaiji		 じゅう
Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

The 1734 work 本朝世事綺談 (Honchō Seji Kidan, “Embellished Tales of Everyday Japan”; also listed as 本朝世事談綺, with the last two characters swapped) describes this kanji spelling as arising from how velvet shines and shimmers in a way reminiscent of a swan's plumage: 天鵞 (tenga, “swan”, obsolete) + 絨 (jū, “thick fabric”).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) てんが​じゅう [tèńgáꜜjùù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [tẽ̞ŋɡa̠ʑɨᵝː]

Noun

天(てん)鵞(が)絨(じゅう) • (tengajū) 

  1. (rare, archaic) velvet
Usage notes

The kanji spelling and on'yomi of tengajū are not used much in modern Japanese, and have been superseded by the borrowed term ビロード.

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
天 鵞 絨
ビロード
Grade: 1 Hyōgaiji Hyōgaiji
jukujikun
Alternative spelling
ビロード

The spelling is from the tengajū reading, ultimately from Chinese. The reading ビロード (birōdo) is from Portuguese veludo (“velvet”).[2][1] The term was borrowed when Portuguese traders and missionaries first introduced velvet to Japan in the 1500s.

Definitions
For pronunciation and definitions of 天鵞絨 – see the following entry.
【ビロード】
[noun] velvet
Alternative spelling
びろうど
(This term, 天鵞絨, is an alternative spelling (rare, archaic) of the above term.)

Usage notes

The katakana spelling ビロード is more common for this term.

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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