嗜む
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 嗜 |
| たしな Hyōgaiji |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology
Shift in meaning from 窘む (tashinamu), from たしない (tashinai, “difficult, agonizing; poor, lacking”, an adjective) + む (-mu), from たし (tashi, an element also found in 確か (tashika, “certain; reliable”) and たしに (tashi ni)) + ない (-nai, “very much that quality or state”).[1]
Verb
嗜む • (tashinamu) transitive godan (stem 嗜み (tashinami), past 嗜んだ (tashinanda))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "嗜む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 嗜ま | たしなま | tashinama |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 嗜み | たしなみ | tashinami |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 嗜む | たしなむ | tashinamu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 嗜む | たしなむ | tashinamu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 嗜め | たしなめ | tashiname |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 嗜め | たしなめ | tashiname |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 嗜まれる | たしなまれる | tashinamareru |
| Causative | 嗜ませる 嗜ます |
たしなませる たしなます |
tashinamaseru tashinamasu |
| Potential | 嗜める | たしなめる | tashinameru |
| Volitional | 嗜もう | たしなもう | tashinamō |
| Negative | 嗜まない | たしなまない | tashinamanai |
| Negative continuative | 嗜まず | たしなまず | tashinamazu |
| Formal | 嗜みます | たしなみます | tashinamimasu |
| Perfective | 嗜んだ | たしなんだ | tashinanda |
| Conjunctive | 嗜んで | たしなんで | tashinande |
| Hypothetical conditional | 嗜めば | たしなめば | tashinameba |
Classical conjugation of "嗜む" (マ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 嗜ま | たしなま | tasinama |
| Continuative (連用形) | 嗜み | たしなみ | tasinami |
| Terminal (終止形) | 嗜む | たしなむ | tasinamu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 嗜む | たしなむ | tasinamu |
| Realis (已然形) | 嗜め | たしなめ | tasiname |
| Imperative (命令形) | 嗜め | たしなめ | tasiname |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 嗜まず | たしなまず | tasinamazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 嗜めど | たしなめど | tasinamedo |
| Causal conjunction | 嗜めば | たしなめば | tasinameba |
| Conditional conjunction | 嗜まば | たしなまば | tasinamaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 嗜みき | たしなみき | tasinamiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 嗜みけり | たしなみけり | tasinamikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 嗜みつ | たしなみつ | tasinamitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 嗜みぬ | たしなみぬ | tasinaminu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 嗜めり 嗜みたり | たしなめり たしなみたり | tasinameri tasinamitari |
| Volitional | 嗜まむ | たしなまむ | tasinamamu |
References
- “嗜む”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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