吐魯番

See also: 吐鲁番

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (吐魯番)		吐	魯	番
simp. (吐鲁番)		吐	鲁	番

Etymology

(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) Borrowed from Chagatai طُرفان (ṭurfān), تورفان (tūrfān). Compare contemporary Uyghur تۇرپان (turpan).

The first found attestation of the place name is Khotanese [script needed] (tturpanä), in the Dunhuang manuscript 使河西記 [925] (Li, 2015).

The first attested Chinese transcription of the place name is 禿爾班／秃尔班, found in volume four of 通制條格 from the Yuan dynasty. Later Chinese transcriptions include 土爾番／土尔番, in 西域番國志 [1414], 土魯蕃／土鲁蕃, 土魯番／土鲁番, 吐魯番／吐鲁番 (Tǔlǔfān) and 吐爾番／吐尔番. In particular, 吐魯番／吐鲁番 (Tǔlǔfān) is attested since the Ming dynasty.

Unlikely to be related to 吐蕃 (Tǔbō, “Tibet”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Tǔlǔfān

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄈㄢ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tou³ lou⁵ faan¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Tǔlǔfān [Phonetic: túlǔfān]
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄌㄨˇ ㄈㄢ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Tǔlǔfan
  - Wade–Giles: Tʻu³-lu³-fan¹
  - Yale: Tǔ-lǔ-fān
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Tuuluufan
  - Palladius: Тулуфань (Tulufanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lu²¹⁴⁻²¹ fän⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tou³ lou⁵ faan¹
  - Yale: tou lóuh fāan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tou³ lou⁵ faan¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: tou³ lou⁵ fan¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰou̯³³ lou̯¹³ faːn⁵⁵/

Proper noun

吐魯番

(～市) Turpan, Turfan (a city in Xinjiang, China)

Descendants

→ English: Tulufan, T'u-lu-fan

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