吐谷渾

See also: 吐谷浑

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (吐谷渾)		吐	谷	渾
simp. (吐谷浑)		吐	谷	浑

Etymology

Related to Mongolian Тугухунь (Tuguxunʹ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tǔyùhún

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˇ ㄩˋ ㄏㄨㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dat⁶ juk⁶ wan⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thu̍t-kio̍k-hûn

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tǔyùhún
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˇ ㄩˋ ㄏㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tǔyùhún
  - Wade–Giles: tʻu³-yü⁴-hun²
  - Yale: tǔ-yù-hwún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuuyuhhwen
  - Palladius: туюйхунь (tujujxunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹ y⁵¹ xu̯ən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dat⁶ juk⁶ wan⁴
  - Yale: daht yuhk wàhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dat⁹ juk⁹ wan⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ded⁶ yug⁶ wen⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɐt̚² jʊk̚² wɐn²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thu̍t-kio̍k-hûn
  - Tâi-lô: thu̍t-kio̍k-hûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tudkioghuun
  - IPA (Xiamen): /tʰut̚⁴⁻³² kiɔk̚⁴⁻³² hun²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰut̚²⁴⁻² kiɔk̚²⁴⁻² hun²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ kiɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hun¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰut̚⁴⁻³² kiɔk̚⁴⁻³² hun²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰut̚⁴⁻³² kiɔk̚⁴⁻³² hun²³/

Middle Chinese: thuX yowk hwon

Rime
Character	吐	谷	渾
Reading #	1/2	3/3	1/2
Initial (聲)	透 (6)	以 (36)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	模 (23)	鍾 (8)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	III	I
Fanqie	他魯切	余蜀切	戸昆切
Baxter	thuX	yowk	hwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tʰuo^X/	/jɨok̚/	/ɦuən/
Pan Wuyun	/tʰuo^X/	/jiok̚/	/ɦuon/
Shao Rongfen	/tʰo^X/	/iok̚/	/ɣuən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tʰɔ^X/	/juawk̚/	/ɦwən/
Li Rong	/tʰo^X/	/iok̚/	/ɣuən/
Wang Li	/tʰu^X/	/jĭwok̚/	/ɣuən/
Bernard Karlgren	/tʰuo^X/	/i̯wok̚/	/ɣuən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tǔ	wù	hún
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tou²	juk⁶	wan⁴

Noun

吐谷渾

(historical) Para-Mongolic language speaking people in the Northwest China

Proper noun

吐谷渾

(historical) Tuyuhun (A powerful Mongolic kingdom established by nomadic tribes related to the Xianbei in the Qilian Mountains and upper Yellow River valley.)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
吐	谷	渾
と Grade: S	よく Grade: 2	こん Hyōgaiji
on’yomi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [to̞jo̞kɯ̟ᵝkõ̞ɴ]

Proper noun

吐(と)谷(よく)渾(こん) • (Toyokukon)

(historical) Tuyuhun (A powerful Mongolic kingdom established by nomadic tribes related to the Xianbei in the Qilian Mountains and upper Yellow River valley.)

Korean

Hanja in this term
吐	谷	渾

Proper noun

吐谷渾 • (Toyokhon) (hangeul 토욕혼)

Hanja form^? of 토욕혼 (“Tuyuhun”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
吐	谷	渾

Proper noun

吐谷渾

chữ Hán form of Thổ Dục Hồn (“Tuyuhun”).

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