十方

Chinese

		ten	square; quadrilateral; place square; quadrilateral; place; region; direction; side; method; way; prescription; power; upright; just
simp. and trad. (十方)		十	方

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shífāng

(Zhuyin): ㄕˊ ㄈㄤ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): si̍p-hong

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shífāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄕˊ ㄈㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shíhfang
  - Wade–Giles: shih²-fang¹
  - Yale: shŕ-fāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyrfang
  - Palladius: шифан (šifan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂʐ̩³⁵ fɑŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si̍p-hong
  - Tâi-lô: si̍p-hong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sibhofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sip̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sip̚²⁴⁻² hɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sip̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sip̚⁴⁻³² hɔŋ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: dzyip pjang

Rime
Character	十	方
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	常 (25)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	侵 (141)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	是執切	府良切
Baxter	dzyip	pjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiɪp̚/	/pʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑip̚/	/pʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjep̚/	/piuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑip̚/	/puaŋ/
Li Rong	/ʑiəp̚/	/piuaŋ/
Wang Li	/ʑĭĕp̚/	/pĭwaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯əp̚/	/piwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shí	fāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sap⁶	fong¹

Noun

十方

(Buddhism) the ten positions: four cardinal directions (north, south, east and west), the four ordinal directions, and the zenith and nadir

Derived terms

十方世界
十方佛 (shífāngfó)
十方剎／十方刹
十方十佛
十方地面
十方常住
十方界
吃十方

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (十方):

→ Japanese: 十方(じっぽう) (jippō)
→ Korean: 십방(十方) (sipbang)
→ Vietnamese: thập phương (十方)

See also

四方 (sìfāng)
八方 (bāfāng)

Further reading

Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “十方” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

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