冒犯

Chinese

		to cover; to emit; to manifest to cover; to emit; to manifest; to risk; bold; brave	to violate; to offend
simp. and trad. (冒犯)		冒	犯

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): màofàn

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄠˋ ㄈㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁶ faan⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mo-fam
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): mō͘-hoǎn / mō͘-hoān / bō͘-hoān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: màofàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄠˋ ㄈㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: màofàn
  - Wade–Giles: mao⁴-fan⁴
  - Yale: màu-fàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mawfann
  - Palladius: маофань (maofanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ fän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: mou⁶ faan⁶
  - Yale: mouh faahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁶ faan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: mou⁶ fan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²² faːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mo-fam
  - Hakka Romanization System: mo fam
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mo⁴ fam⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /mo⁵⁵ fam⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mō͘-hoǎn
  - Tâi-lô: mōo-huǎn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /mɔ̃⁴¹⁻²² huan²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mō͘-hoān
  - Tâi-lô: mōo-huān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: moxhoan
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /mɔ̃²²⁻²¹ huan²²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /mɔ̃³³⁻²¹ huan³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /mɔ̃³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bō͘-hoān
  - Tâi-lô: bōo-huān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: boxhoan
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔ³³⁻²¹ huan³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔ³³⁻¹¹ huan³³/

Verb

冒犯

(transitive) to offend
冒犯到別人／冒犯到别人 ― màofàn dào biérén ― to offend others

我不是故意冒犯你。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
Wǒ bùshì gùyì màofàn nǐ. [Pinyin]
I didn't mean to offend you.

Synonyms

唐突 (tángtū) (literary)
干犯 (gānfàn) (literary)
得失 (déshī) (dialectal)
得罪 (dézuì)
惹
沖犯／冲犯 (chōngfàn)
碰撞 (pèngzhuàng)
衝撞／冲撞 (chōngzhuàng)
觸犯／触犯 (chùfàn)
開罪／开罪 (kāizuì) (literary)

Derived terms

冒犯性 (màofànxìng)
冒犯者

Related terms

侵犯 (qīnfàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (冒犯):

→ Korean: 모범(冒犯) (mobeom)
→ Vietnamese: mạo phạm (冒犯)

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