先んじる

Japanese
Kanji in this term
先
さき
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) さきんず​る [sàkíńzúꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [4])[1][2]
  • (Tokyo) さきんずる [sàkíńzúrú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [sa̠kʲĩnd͡zɨᵝɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

先(さき)んじる • (sakinjiru) intransitive ichidan (stem 先(さき)んじ (sakinji), past 先(さき)んじた (sakinjita))

  1. come before; precede; have a head start; be anterior to

Conjugation
Conjugation of "先んじる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 先んじ さきんじ sakinji
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 先んじ さきんじ sakinji
Shūshikei ("terminal") 先んじる さきんじる sakinjiru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 先んじる さきんじる sakinjiru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 先んじれ さきんじれ sakinjire
Meireikei ("imperative") 先んじよ¹
先んじろ²		 さきんじよ¹
さきんじろ²		 sakinjiyo¹
sakinjiro²
Key constructions
Passive 先んじられる さきんじられる sakinjirareru
Causative 先んじさせる
先んじさす		 さきんじさせる
さきんじさす		 sakinjisaseru
sakinjisasu
Potential 先んじられる
先んじれる³		 さきんじられる
さきんじれる³		 sakinjirareru
sakinjireru³
Volitional 先んじよう さきんじよう sakinjiyō
Negative 先んじない
先んじぬ
先んじん		 さきんじない
さきんじぬ
さきんじん		 sakinjinai
sakinjinu
sakinjin
Negative continuative 先んじず さきんじず sakinjizu
Formal 先んじます さきんじます sakinjimasu
Perfective 先んじた さきんじた sakinjita
Conjunctive 先んじて さきんじて sakinjite
Hypothetical conditional 先んじれば さきんじれば sakinjireba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential

Synonyms

Antonyms

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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