僵化

Chinese

		rigid; deadlock; stiff (corpse)	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform
trad. (僵化)		僵	化
simp. ^#(僵化)		僵	化

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiānghuà

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤㄏㄨㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): goeng¹ faa³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiong-hòa / kiang-hòa

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiānghuà
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jianghuà
  - Wade–Giles: chiang¹-hua⁴
  - Yale: jyāng-hwà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianghuah
  - Palladius: цзянхуа (czjanxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: goeng¹ faa³
  - Yale: gēung fa
  - Cantonese Pinyin: goeng¹ faa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gêng¹ fa³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœːŋ⁵⁵ faː³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: kiong-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kionghoax
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ³³ hua⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hua²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiang-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: kiang-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kianghoax
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hua²¹/

Verb

僵化

to solidify; to become rigid or stiff
(figuratively, of opinions, thoughts, etc.) to become fixed, unchangeable or inflexible

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