ハイカラ

Japanese

Etymology

Shortened from ハイカラー (haikarā), from English high collar,[1][2] referring to the high collars of Japanese men imitating the Western fashion of the late 19th century.

Pronunciation

Adjective

ハイカラ • (haikara) -na (adnominal ハイカラな (haikara na na), adverbial ハイカラに (haikara ni ni))

  1. (dated) trendy and Western
  2. (dated) fashionable, stylish
  3. (dated) modern, new
  4. (dated) Westernized
  5. of a style characteristic of the Western influence in the Meiji and Taishō periods

Usage notes

Originally coined as a derisive term for Japanese people who imitated Western trends and fashions, the word then gained positive connotations of stylishness and modernity by those who saw Westernization as the way forward for Japanese society. In modern Japanese the term is somewhat dated and evokes an earlier time when everything Western was still exotic and progressive.

Inflection
Inflection of ハイカラ
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) ハイカラだろ haikara daro
Continuative (連用形) ハイカラで haikara de
Terminal (終止形) ハイカラだ haikara da
Attributive (連体形) ハイカラな haikara na
Hypothetical (仮定形) ハイカラなら haikara nara
Imperative (命令形) ハイカラであれ haikara de are
Key constructions
Informal negative ハイカラではない
ハイカラじゃない		 haikara de wa nai
haikara ja nai
Informal past ハイカラだった haikara datta
Informal negative past ハイカラではなかった
ハイカラじゃなかった		 haikara de wa nakatta
haikara ja nakatta
Formal ハイカラです haikara desu
Formal negative ハイカラではありません
ハイカラじゃありません		 haikara de wa arimasen
haikara ja arimasen
Formal past ハイカラでした haikara deshita
Formal negative past ハイカラではありませんでした
ハイカラじゃありませんでした		 haikara de wa arimasen deshita
haikara ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive ハイカラで haikara de
Conditional ハイカラなら（ば） haikara nara (ba)
Provisional ハイカラだったら haikara dattara
Volitional ハイカラだろう haikara darō
Adverbial ハイカラに haikara ni
Degree ハイカラさ haikarasa

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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