まほし

Japanese

Etymology

Shift from まくほし (-makuhoshi), itself a compound of ま (-ma, the 未然形(みぜんけい) (mizenkei, “irrealis form”) of む (-mu, volitional/conjectural auxiliary verb)) +‎ く (-ku, nominalizing suffix) +‎ ほし (hoshi, classical form of ほしい (hoshii, “wanted, desirable”)).[1][2][3][4][5]

One alternative derivation posits that this may have derived from the volitional/conjectural auxiliary む (-mu) in the irrealis form of ま (-ma), with ほし (hoshi) attaching directly to this.[1] However, syntactically, hoshi never followed verbs in the irrealis, and only followed nouns or verbs in the conjunctive -te conjugation, making this derivation unlikely.

The older form まくほし (-makuhoshi) appears in Old Japanese works of the Nara period and early Heian period,[1][3] with this abbreviated まほし (-mahoshi) form arising later in the Heian period,[3][4] primarily in waka poetry and works written in kana.[1][3] The modern desiderative ending たい (-tai) then appears from the Kamakura period, gradually replacing -mahoshi.[1][3][2][4]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [ma̠ho̞ɕi]

Suffix

まほし • (-mahoshi) 

  1. (archaic) following the irrealis stem of verbs
    1. to want (to do); to hope (to do)
      Synonym: たい
    2. (only used after ある) I wish that; it is desirable that
      • 1349, 吉田兼好, 『徒然草』 52
        先(せん)達(だつ)はあらまほしきことなり
        sendatsu wa aramahoshiki koto nari
        It is better to have someone guiding you.

Inflection
Classical conjugation of "まほし" (シク活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) まほしく[1]
まほしから[2]		まほしく
まほしから		-mafosiku
-mafosikara
Continuative (連用形) まほしく[1]
まほしかり[2]		まほしく
まほしかり		-mafosiku
-mafosikari
Terminal (終止形) まほしまほし-mafosi
Attributive (連体形) まほしき
まほしかる		まほしき
まほしかる		-mafosiki
-mafosikaru
Realis (已然形) まほしけれまほしけれ-mafosikere
Imperative (命令形) まほしかれまほしかれ-mafosikare
Key constructions
Negative まほしからずまほしからず-mafosikarazu
Contrasting conjunction まほしけれどまほしけれど-mafosikeredo
Causal conjunction まほしければまほしければ-mafosikereba
Conditional conjunction まほしくばまほしくば-mafosikuba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) まほしかりきまほしかりき-mafosikariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) まほしかりけりまほしかりけり-mafosikarikeri
Adverbial まほしくまほしく-mafosiku
[1]Without auxiliary verb.
[2]With auxiliary verb.

References
  1. “まほし”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
  3. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. “まほし”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  5. 2002, Yasuo Kitahara, 明鏡国語辞典 (Meikyō Kokugo Jiten), First Edition (in Japanese), Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.