ばらす

Japanese

Etymology

Ultimate derivation unclear. Appears from the early 1700s.[1]

Analyzable as the regular causative / transitive form of root verb ばる (baru), from which ばれる (bareru) derives as the regular mediopassive / intransitive. Compare similar verb paradigms with root verb 明く (aku), causative / transitive 明かす (akasu), mediopassive / intransitive 明ける (akeru), Old Japanese 出づ (idu) and modern causative / transitive 出す (dasu), mediopassive / intransitive 出る (deru), Old Japanese 生ゆ (hayu) and modern 生やす (hayasu) and 生える (haeru).

Cognate with ばれる (bareru, “to be found out; to be all messed up, in disarry”), ばらばら (barabara, “all messed up, in complete disarray”, adjective, adverb). The term ばらばら (barabara) actually appears earliest in texts, starting from the late 1500s, followed by ばれる (bareru) in the late 1600s and ばらす (barasu) in the early 1700s.[1] This suggests the possibility that the adjective / adverb came first, with the verbs then deriving from that.

Possibly related to adjective あばら (abara).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ばら​す [bàráꜜsù] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
  • IPA(key): [ba̠ɾa̠sɨᵝ]

Verb

ばらす or バラす • (barasu) transitive godan (stem ばらし (barashi), past ばらした (barashita))

Japanese verb pair
active ばらす
mediopassive ばれる
  1. to take something to pieces and scatter its bits, to completely destroy something
    Synonyms: ばらばらにする (barabara ni suru), 壊し散らす (kowashichirasu), 破棄する (haki suru)
  2. to make something all scattered and messy, to mess something up, to put something into disarray
    Synonym: ばらばらにする (barabara ni suru)
  3. to expose a secret, to find something out and expose it
    Synonyms: あばく (abaku), 暴露する (bakuro suru)
  4. (slang) to kill someone
    Synonym: (occasionally read as barasu) 殺す (korosu)
  5. to sell something off
    Synonyms: 売り払う (uriharau), 売り飛ばす (uritobasu)
  6. to sell something at a low or bargain price
    Synonym: 安売りする (yasuuri suru)
  7. (fishing) to release a fish from one's hook
    Synonym: (to let something go, to release something) 逃す (nogasu)

Conjugation
Conjugation of "ばらす" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") ばらさ barasa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") ばらし barashi
Shūshikei ("terminal") ばらす barasu
Rentaikei ("attributive") ばらす barasu
Kateikei ("hypothetical") ばらせ barase
Meireikei ("imperative") ばらせ barase
Key constructions
Passive ばらされる barasareru
Causative ばらさせる
ばらさす		 barasaseru
barasasu
Potential ばらせる baraseru
Volitional ばらそう barasō
Negative ばらさない barasanai
Negative continuative ばらさず barasazu
Formal ばらします barashimasu
Perfective ばらした barashita
Conjunctive ばらして barashite
Hypothetical conditional ばらせば baraseba

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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