ὥσπερ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ὡς (hōs, “as”) + περ (per, enclitic).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hɔ̌ːs.per/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈ(h)os.per/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈos.per/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈos.per/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈos.per/

Adverb

ὥσπερ • (hṓsper)

like, as, even as, just as
- 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 1396
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 994
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 7.206
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.263
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.50
- 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 303
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.93
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Stephanus 1 1
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.385
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.806
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.211
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 3.3.12
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.487
- 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 402
- 414 BCE, Aristophanes, The Birds 188
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 475
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.5.75
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 354B
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 276
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 327D
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.121
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 4.1.19
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 3.1.19
- 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 612D
- 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 673
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.477
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 1.142
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 20.282
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 86A
- 341 BCE, Demosthenes, Third Philippic 33
- 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1311
(to limit or modify an assertion) as it were
- 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.73
- 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 1276
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 4.1.13
- 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 8.33
- 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 277
- 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Phaedo 86B
- 445 BCE – 380 BCE, Lysias, Against Eratosthenes 7
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 3.1.14
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Symposium 1.11
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.19
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, On Horsemanship 7.5
(rarely of time)
1. so long as, however long
  - 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 1361
2. as soon as
  - 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 24
(after a comparative)
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Hellenica 2.3.16

References

“ὥσπερ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὥσπερ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ὥσπερ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ὥσπερ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
“ὥσπερ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G5618 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- as idem, page 42.
- even idem, page 284.
- like idem, page 491.

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