ὄρφνη

Ancient Greek

Perhaps from Proto-Hellenic *orkʷʰnā, a secondary o-grade of *erkʷʰnos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rgʷ-sno-, from *h₁régʷos (“darkness”) (whence Ἔρεβος (Érebos)).[1]

Alternatively from the same root as:

Proto-Germanic *erpaz and Slavic forms Russian рябо́й (rjabój, “motley”) and Proto-Slavic *arębъ (“partridge”).[1]
Old Armenian արջն (arǰn, “black”).[1]
Tocharian B / Tocharian A erkent- / arkant- (“black”) and orkamo / orkäm (“dark”).[2][1]

ὄρφνη • (órphnē) f (genitive ὄρφνης); first declension

First declension of ἡ ὄρφνη; τῆς ὄρφνης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ὄρφνη hē órphnē	τὼ ὄρφνᾱ tṑ órphnā	αἱ ὄρφναι hai órphnai
Genitive	τῆς ὄρφνης tês órphnēs	τοῖν ὄρφναιν toîn órphnain	τῶν ὀρφνῶν tôn orphnôn
Dative	τῇ ὄρφνῃ têi órphnēi	τοῖν ὄρφναιν toîn órphnain	ταῖς ὄρφναις taîs órphnais
Accusative	τὴν ὄρφνην tḕn órphnēn	τὼ ὄρφνᾱ tṑ órphnā	τᾱ̀ς ὄρφνᾱς tā̀s órphnās
Vocative	ὄρφνη órphnē	ὄρφνᾱ órphnā	ὄρφναι órphnai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὄρφνη”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1114
Adams, Douglas Q. (1999) “erkent-”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN

“ὄρφνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ὄρφνη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ὄρφνη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- darkness idem, page 195.
- gloom idem, page 362.
- murkiness idem, page 547.
- obscurity idem, page 566.

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