ἐπιτίθημι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From ἐπῐ- (epi-, “upon”) +‎ τῐ́θημῐ (títhēmi, “to put, place”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /e.pi.tí.tʰɛː.mi/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /e.piˈti.tʰe̝.mi/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /e.piˈti.θi.mi/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /e.piˈti.θi.mi/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /e.piˈti.θi.mi/

Verb

ἐπῐτῐ́θημῐ • (epitíthēmi)

(active voice)
1. to lay, put or place upon
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.267
  - 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 426
  - 422 BCE, Aristophanes, The Wasps 96
  - 480 BCE – 411 BCE, Antiphon of Rhamnus, Against the Stepmother for Poisoning 18
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.140
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.264
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 24.419
  - Palatine Anthology 7.505
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 17.9
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.589
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.121
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Cyropaedia 7.3.14
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.190
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.466
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 7.183
  - 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Cyclops 243
  - 413 BCE, Euripides, Iphigenia in Tauris 702
  1. to set upon, turn towards
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.46
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.1
2. to put on a covering or lid
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.314
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.232
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.370
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 23.194
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 21.45
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.240
3. to put to, add, grant, or give besides
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 22.62
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.509
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.400
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.406
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 23.796
  1. (of time) to add, bring on
    - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 12.399
    - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 697
4. to put on as a finish
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.111
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 19.256
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 19.107
  - 361 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Midias 18
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Euthydemus 301E
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Euthydemus 272A
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Generation of Animals 776A.4
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Philip 22
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Timotheus 42
5. to impose or inflict a penalty
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.192
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.120
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.144
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 9.120
  - 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Laws 838C
  - 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Critias 106B
  - 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Works and Days 334
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Funeral Speech 11
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.39
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 6.357
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 15.234
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Constitution of Sparta 10.7
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Constitution of Sparta 3.3
6. to dispatch a letter
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.42
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.95
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Phormio 28
7. to give a name
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.68
  - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 205B
(middle voice)
1. to put on oneself or for oneself
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 10.30
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 5.743
  - 405 BCE, Euripides, The Bacchae 702
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.317
  - 425 BCE, Euripides, Andromache 1210
2. to put on or to
  - 385 BCE – 380 BCE, Plato, Symposium 218B
3. to set oneself to, apply oneself, employ oneself in
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.1
  - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.42
  - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Memorabilia 2.8.3
  - 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 527D
  - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, To Philip 1
  1. to make an attempt upon, attack
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.31
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.26
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.61
    - 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Constitution of the Athenians 3.12
    - 389 BCE – 314 BCE, Aeschines, Against Ctesiphon 235
    - 396 BCE – 323 BCE, Lycurgus of Athens, Collected Works 125
    - 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Moralia 2.772D
    - 436 BCE – 338 BCE, Isocrates, To Nicocles 3
    - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 70
    - 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.42
  2. (absolute)
    - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.96
4. to bring on oneself
  - 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1409
5. to lay commands on
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.111
  - 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.63
6. to give a name
  - 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 8.554
  - 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Poetics 1451B.10

Inflection

Present: ἐπῐτῐ́θημῐ, ἐπῐτῐ́θεμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπῐτῐ́θημῐ	ἐπῐτῐ́θης	ἐπῐτῐ́θησῐ(ν)	ἐπῐτῐ́θετον	ἐπῐτῐ́θετον	ἐπῐτῐ́θεμεν	ἐπῐτῐ́θετε	ἐπῐτῐθέᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐπῐτῐθῶ	ἐπῐτῐθῇς	ἐπῐτῐθῇ	ἐπῐτῐθῆτον	ἐπῐτῐθῆτον	ἐπῐτῐθῶμεν	ἐπῐτῐθῆτε	ἐπῐτῐθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπῐτῐθείην	ἐπῐτῐθείης	ἐπῐτῐθείη	ἐπῐτῐθεῖτον, ἐπῐτῐθείητον	ἐπῐτῐθείτην, ἐπῐτῐθειήτην	ἐπῐτῐθεῖμεν, ἐπῐτῐθείημεν	ἐπῐτῐθεῖτε, ἐπῐτῐθείητε	ἐπῐτῐθεῖεν, ἐπῐτῐθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἐπῐτῐ́θει	ἐπῐτῐθέτω	ἐπῐτῐ́θετον	ἐπῐτῐθέτων		ἐπῐτῐ́θετε	ἐπῐτῐθέντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπῐτῐ́θεμαι	ἐπῐτῐ́θεσαι	ἐπῐτῐ́θεται	ἐπῐτῐ́θεσθον	ἐπῐτῐ́θεσθον	ἐπῐτῐθέμεθᾰ	ἐπῐτῐ́θεσθε	ἐπῐτῐ́θενται
	subjunctive	ἐπῐτῐθῶμαι	ἐπῐτῐθῇ	ἐπῐτῐθῆται	ἐπῐτῐθῆσθον	ἐπῐτῐθῆσθον	ἐπῐτῐθώμεθᾰ	ἐπῐτῐθῆσθε	ἐπῐτῐθῶνται
	optative	ἐπῐτῐθείμην	ἐπῐτῐθεῖο	ἐπῐτῐθεῖτο, ἐπῐτῐθοῖτο	ἐπῐτῐθεῖσθον, ἐπῐτῐθοῖσθον	ἐπῐτῐθείσθην, ἐπῐτῐθοίσθην	ἐπῐτῐθείμεθᾰ, ἐπῐτῐθοίμεθᾰ	ἐπῐτῐθεῖσθε, ἐπῐτῐθοῖσθε	ἐπῐτῐθεῖντο, ἐπῐτῐθοῖντο
	imperative		ἐπῐτῐ́θεσο	ἐπῐτῐθέσθω	ἐπῐτῐ́θεσθον	ἐπῐτῐθέσθων		ἐπῐτῐ́θεσθε	ἐπῐτῐθέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐπῐτῐθέναι				ἐπῐτῐ́θεσθαι
participle	m	ἐπῐτῐθείς				ἐπῐτῐθέμενος
	f	ἐπῐτῐθεῖσᾰ				ἐπῐτῐθεμένη
	n	ἐπῐτῐθέν				ἐπῐτῐθέμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: ἐπετῐ́θην, ἐπετῐθέμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπετῐ́θην	ἐπετῐ́θεις	ἐπετῐ́θει	ἐπετῐ́θετον	ἐπετῐθέτην	ἐπετῐ́θεμεν	ἐπετῐ́θετε	ἐπετῐ́θεσᾰν
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπετῐθέμην	ἐπετῐ́θεσο	ἐπετῐ́θετο	ἐπετῐ́θεσθον	ἐπετῐθέσθην	ἐπετῐθέμεθᾰ	ἐπετῐ́θεσθε	ἐπετῐ́θεντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: ἐπῐθήσω, ἐπῐθήσομαι, ἐπῐτεθήσομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπῐθήσω	ἐπῐθήσεις	ἐπῐθήσει	ἐπῐθήσετον	ἐπῐθήσετον	ἐπῐθήσομεν	ἐπῐθήσετε	ἐπῐθήσουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	ἐπῐθήσοιμῐ	ἐπῐθήσοις	ἐπῐθήσοι	ἐπῐθήσοιτον	ἐπῐθησοίτην	ἐπῐθήσοιμεν	ἐπῐθήσοιτε	ἐπῐθήσοιεν
middle	indicative	ἐπῐθήσομαι	ἐπῐθήσῃ, ἐπῐθήσει	ἐπῐθήσεται	ἐπῐθήσεσθον	ἐπῐθήσεσθον	ἐπῐθησόμεθᾰ	ἐπῐθήσεσθε	ἐπῐθήσονται
middle	optative	ἐπῐθησοίμην	ἐπῐθήσοιο	ἐπῐθήσοιτο	ἐπῐθήσοισθον	ἐπῐθησοίσθην	ἐπῐθησοίμεθᾰ	ἐπῐθήσοισθε	ἐπῐθήσοιντο
passive	indicative	ἐπῐτεθήσομαι	ἐπῐτεθήσῃ	ἐπῐτεθήσεται	ἐπῐτεθήσεσθον	ἐπῐτεθήσεσθον	ἐπῐτεθησόμεθᾰ	ἐπῐτεθήσεσθε	ἐπῐτεθήσονται
passive	optative	ἐπῐτεθησοίμην	ἐπῐτεθήσοιο	ἐπῐτεθήσοιτο	ἐπῐτεθήσοισθον	ἐπῐτεθησοίσθην	ἐπῐτεθησοίμεθᾰ	ἐπῐτεθήσοισθε	ἐπῐτεθήσοιντο
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		ἐπῐθήσειν			ἐπῐθήσεσθαι		ἐπῐτεθήσεσθαι
participle	m	ἐπῐθήσων			ἐπῐθησόμενος		ἐπῐτεθησόμενος
	f	ἐπῐθήσουσᾰ			ἐπῐθησομένη		ἐπῐτεθησομένη
	n	ἐπῐθῆσον			ἐπῐθησόμενον		ἐπῐτεθησόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἐπέθηκᾰ, ἐπεθηκᾰ́μην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπέθηκᾰ	ἐπέθηκᾰς	ἐπέθηκε(ν)	ἐπεθήκᾰτον	ἐπεθηκᾰ́την	ἐπεθήκᾰμεν	ἐπεθήκᾰτε	ἐπέθηκᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐπῐθήκω	ἐπῐθήκῃς	ἐπῐθήκῃ	ἐπῐθήκητον	ἐπῐθήκητον	ἐπῐθήκωμεν	ἐπῐθήκητε	ἐπῐθήκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπῐθήκαιμῐ	ἐπῐθήκειᾰς, ἐπῐθήκαις	ἐπῐθήκειε(ν), ἐπῐθήκαι	ἐπῐθήκαιτον	ἐπῐθηκαίτην	ἐπῐθήκαιμεν	ἐπῐθήκαιτε	ἐπῐθήκειᾰν, ἐπῐθήκαιεν
	imperative		ἐπῐ́θηκον	ἐπῐθηκᾰ́τω	ἐπῐθήκᾰτον	ἐπῐθηκᾰ́των		ἐπῐθήκᾰτε	ἐπῐθηκᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	ἐπεθηκᾰ́μην	ἐπεθήκω	ἐπεθήκᾰτο	ἐπεθήκᾰσθον	ἐπεθηκᾰ́σθην	ἐπεθηκᾰ́μεθᾰ	ἐπεθήκᾰσθε	ἐπεθήκᾰντο
	subjunctive	ἐπῐθήκωμαι	ἐπῐθήκῃ	ἐπῐθήκηται	ἐπῐθήκησθον	ἐπῐθήκησθον	ἐπῐθηκώμεθᾰ	ἐπῐθήκησθε	ἐπῐθήκωνται
	optative	ἐπῐθηκαίμην	ἐπῐθήκαιο	ἐπῐθήκαιτο	ἐπῐθήκαισθον	ἐπῐθηκαίσθην	ἐπῐθηκαίμεθᾰ	ἐπῐθήκαισθε	ἐπῐθήκαιντο
	imperative		ἐπῐ́θηκαι	ἐπῐθηκᾰ́σθω	ἐπῐθήκᾰσθον	ἐπῐθηκᾰ́σθων		ἐπῐθήκᾰσθε	ἐπῐθηκᾰ́σθων
		active			middle
infinitive		ἐπῐθῆκαι			ἐπῐθήκᾰσθαι
participle	m	ἐπῐθήκᾱς			ἐπῐθηκᾰ́μενος
	f	ἐπῐθήκᾱσᾰ			ἐπῐθηκᾰμένη
	n	ἐπῐθῆκᾰν			ἐπῐθηκᾰ́μενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: ἐπέθετον, ἐπεθέμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative				ἐπέθετον	ἐπεθέτην	ἐπέθεμεν	ἐπέθετε	ἐπέθεσᾰν
	subjunctive	ἐπῐθῶ	ἐπῐθῇς	ἐπῐθῇ	ἐπῐθῆτον	ἐπῐθῆτον	ἐπῐθῶμεν	ἐπῐθῆτε	ἐπῐθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπῐθείην	ἐπῐθείης	ἐπῐθείη	ἐπῐθεῖτον, ἐπῐθείητον	ἐπῐθείτην, ἐπῐθειήτην	ἐπῐθεῖμεν, ἐπῐθείημεν	ἐπῐθεῖτε, ἐπῐθείητε	ἐπῐθεῖεν, ἐπῐθείησᾰν
	imperative		ἔπῐθες	ἐπῐθέτω	ἐπῐ́θετον	ἐπῐθέτων		ἐπῐ́θετε	ἐπῐθέντων
middle	indicative	ἐπεθέμην	ἐπέθου	ἐπέθετο	ἐπέθεσθον	ἐπεθέσθην	ἐπεθέμεθᾰ	ἐπέθεσθε	ἐπέθεντο
	subjunctive	ἐπῐθῶμαι	ἐπῐθῇ	ἐπῐθῆται	ἐπῐθῆσθον	ἐπῐθῆσθον	ἐπῐθώμεθᾰ	ἐπῐθῆσθε	ἐπῐθῶνται
	optative	ἐπῐθείμην	ἐπῐθεῖο	ἐπῐθεῖτο, ἐπῐθοῖτο	ἐπῐθεῖσθον	ἐπῐθείσθην	ἐπῐθείμεθᾰ	ἐπῐθεῖσθε	ἐπῐθεῖντο
	imperative		ἐπῐ́θου	ἐπῐθέσθω	ἐπῐ́θεσθον	ἐπῐθέσθων		ἐπῐ́θεσθε	ἐπῐθέσθων
		active			middle
infinitive		ἐπῐθεῖναι			ἐπῐθέσθαι
participle	m	ἐπῐθείς			ἐπῐθέμενος
	f	ἐπῐθεῖσᾰ			ἐπῐθεμένη
	n	ἐπῐθέν			ἐπῐθέμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: ἐπῐτέθεικᾰ, ἐπῐτέθειμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	ἐπῐτέθεικᾰ	ἐπῐτέθεικᾰς	ἐπῐτέθεικε(ν)	ἐπῐτεθείκᾰτον	ἐπῐτεθείκᾰτον	ἐπῐτεθείκᾰμεν	ἐπῐτεθείκᾰτε	ἐπῐτεθείκᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	ἐπῐτεθείκω	ἐπῐτεθείκῃς	ἐπῐτεθείκῃ	ἐπῐτεθείκητον	ἐπῐτεθείκητον	ἐπῐτεθείκωμεν	ἐπῐτεθείκητε	ἐπῐτεθείκωσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπῐτεθείκοιμῐ, ἐπῐτεθεικοίην	ἐπῐτεθείκοις, ἐπῐτεθεικοίης	ἐπῐτεθείκοι, ἐπῐτεθεικοίη	ἐπῐτεθείκοιτον	ἐπῐτεθεικοίτην	ἐπῐτεθείκοιμεν	ἐπῐτεθείκοιτε	ἐπῐτεθείκοιεν
	imperative		ἐπῐτέθεικε	ἐπῐτεθεικέτω	ἐπῐτεθείκετον	ἐπῐτεθεικέτων		ἐπῐτεθείκετε	ἐπῐτεθεικόντων
middle/ passive	indicative	ἐπῐτέθειμαι	ἐπῐτέθεισαι	ἐπῐτέθειται	ἐπῐτέθεισθον	ἐπῐτέθεισθον	ἐπῐτεθείμεθᾰ	ἐπῐτέθεισθε	ἐπῐτέθεινται
	subjunctive	ἐπῐτεθειμένος ὦ	ἐπῐτεθειμένος ᾖς	ἐπῐτεθειμένος ᾖ	ἐπῐτεθειμένω ἦτον	ἐπῐτεθειμένω ἦτον	ἐπῐτεθειμένοι ὦμεν	ἐπῐτεθειμένοι ἦτε	ἐπῐτεθειμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	ἐπῐτεθειμένος εἴην	ἐπῐτεθειμένος εἴης	ἐπῐτεθειμένος εἴη	ἐπῐτεθειμένω εἴητον/εἶτον	ἐπῐτεθειμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην	ἐπῐτεθειμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν	ἐπῐτεθειμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε	ἐπῐτεθειμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν
	imperative		ἐπῐτέθεισο	ἐπῐτεθείσθω	ἐπῐτέθεισθον	ἐπῐτεθείσθων		ἐπῐτέθεισθε	ἐπῐτεθείσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		ἐπῐτεθεικέναι				ἐπῐτεθεῖσθαι
participle	m	ἐπῐτεθεικώς				ἐπῐτεθειμένος
	f	ἐπῐτεθεικυῖᾰ				ἐπῐτεθειμένη
	n	ἐπῐτεθεικός				ἐπῐτεθειμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

ἐπίθετος (epíthetos)
συνεπιτίθημι (sunepitíthēmi)

References

“ἐπιτίθημι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἐπιτίθημι”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἐπιτίθημι”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἐπιτίθημι in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἐπιτίθημι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
“ἐπιτίθημι”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G2007 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
ἐπιτίθημι in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften

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