Ἀρκάς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Named after Ἀρκάς (Arkás, “Arcas”), son of Zeus and king of Arcadia, from Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀏 (a-ka), 𐀀𐀏𐀆 (a-ka-de), from Proto-Hellenic *árktos (“bear”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ŕ̥tḱos. Probably folk etymology, more likely Arcadia had an abundance of bears.

Pronunciation
 

Noun

Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́ς • (Arkás) m or f (genitive Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δος); third declension

  1. an inhabitant of Arcadia; an Arcadian

Inflection
Third declension of ὁ, ἡ Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́ς; τοῦ, τῆς Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δος (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ὁ, ἡ Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́ς
ho, hē Arkás		 τὼ Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δε
tṑ Arkáde		 οἱ, αἱ Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δες
hoi, hai Arkádes
Genitive τοῦ, τῆς Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δος
toû, tês Arkádos		 τοῖν Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δοιν
toîn Arkádoin		 τῶν Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δων
tôn Arkádōn
Dative τῷ, τῇ Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δῐ
tôi, têi Arkádi		 τοῖν Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δοιν
toîn Arkádoin		 τοῖς, ταῖς Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́σῐ / Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́σῐν
toîs, taîs Arkási(n)
Accusative τὸν, τὴν Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δᾰ
tòn, tḕn Arkáda		 τὼ Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δε
tṑ Arkáde		 τοὺς, τᾱ̀ς Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δᾰς
toùs, tā̀s Arkádas
Vocative Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́ς
Arkás		 Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δε
Arkáde		 Ᾰ̓ρκᾰ́δες
Arkádes
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
  • Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-ds.

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Latin: Arcas
  • Greek: Αρκάς (Arkás), Αρκάδας m (Arkádas), Αρκάδα f (Arkáda), Αρκάδες pl (Arkádes)

References
  • Blažek, Václav (2017): Indo-European Bear

Further reading
  • “Ἀρκάς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “Ἀρκάς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • Ἀρκάς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
  • “Ἀρκάς”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,002
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