ἄφθα

See also: άφθα

Ancient Greek

Etymology

A term first attested in Hippokrates, with doubt connected to ἅπτω (háptō, “to burn or to fasten, join”). Possibly a technical loan with physicians from Aramaic with emphatic state ending, later attested only in one particular meaning in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic אַפְצָא (ʾap̄ṣā), Classical Syriac ܐܱܦܨܳܐ (ʾap̄ṣā, “oakgalls”), verb אֲפַץ (ʾap̄aṣ, “to dress with gallnut juice”), but more generally Mishnaic Hebrew אָפַץ (ʾāp̄aṣ), אָפַס (ʾāp̄as, “to press, to squeeze”). ἀψίς (apsís), ἁψίς (hapsís, “net, mesh; bow”) is also only doubtingly derived from ἅπτω (háptō, “to fasten, join”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ápʰ.tʰa/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈapʰ.tʰa/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈaɸ.θa/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈaf.θa/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈaf.θa/

Noun

ἄφθᾰ • (áphtha) f (genitive ἄφθης); first declension

(pathology, chiefly in the plural) aphtha, mouth ulcer, thrush

Inflection

First declension of ἡ ᾰ̓́φθᾰ; τῆς ᾰ̓́φθης (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ᾰ̓́φθᾰ hē áphtha	τὼ ᾰ̓́φθᾱ tṑ áphthā	αἱ ᾰ̓́φθαι hai áphthai
Genitive	τῆς ᾰ̓́φθης tês áphthēs	τοῖν ᾰ̓́φθαιν toîn áphthain	τῶν ᾰ̓φθῶν tôn aphthôn
Dative	τῇ ᾰ̓́φθῃ têi áphthēi	τοῖν ᾰ̓́φθαιν toîn áphthain	ταῖς ᾰ̓́φθαις taîs áphthais
Accusative	τὴν ᾰ̓́φθᾰν tḕn áphthan	τὼ ᾰ̓́φθᾱ tṑ áphthā	τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́φθᾱς tā̀s áphthās
Vocative	ᾰ̓́φθᾰ áphtha	ᾰ̓́φθᾱ áphthā	ᾰ̓́φθαι áphthai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀφθώδης (aphthṓdēs)
ἀφθᾰ́ω (aphtháō)

Descendants

→ English: aphtha
→ French: aphte
→ German: Aphthe
→ Greek: άφθα (áftha)
→ Italian: afta
→ Portuguese: afta
→ Romanian: aftă