ἄρδω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Furnée compares παρδακός (pardakós, “humid”) (highly doubtful) and ἄρσεα (ársea, “humid meadows”). The latter proposal is attractive, as -σος is a typical Pre-Greek suffix. Furnée also follows the proposal by Kretschmer that ᾱ̓- is due to a pre-form *ἀϝάρδω, the prothetic vowel of which he explains as a substrate element. Neumann noted that several technical terms for irrigation are Pre-Greek, like ἄνδηρον (ándēron, “raised bank by the side of a ditch”) and γόργῡρα (górgūra, “underground drain”).

Pronunciation
 

Verb

ἄ̄ρδω • (á̄rdō)

  1. to water, irrigate
  2. (passive voice) to be watered
  3. to give drink to cattle
  4. (of rivers) to furnish drink for men
  5. (figuratively) to foster, cherish
  6. to guzzle, drink voraciously
  7. to pour forth, spill, gush

Inflection
   Present: ᾱ̓́ρδω, ᾱ̓́ρδομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ᾱ̓́ρδω ᾱ̓́ρδεις ᾱ̓́ρδει ᾱ̓́ρδετον ᾱ̓́ρδετον ᾱ̓́ρδομεν ᾱ̓́ρδετε ᾱ̓́ρδουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ᾱ̓́ρδω ᾱ̓́ρδῃς ᾱ̓́ρδῃ ᾱ̓́ρδητον ᾱ̓́ρδητον ᾱ̓́ρδωμεν ᾱ̓́ρδητε ᾱ̓́ρδωσῐ(ν)
optative ᾱ̓́ρδοιμῐ ᾱ̓́ρδοις ᾱ̓́ρδοι ᾱ̓́ρδοιτον ᾱ̓ρδοίτην ᾱ̓́ρδοιμεν ᾱ̓́ρδοιτε ᾱ̓́ρδοιεν
imperative   ἆρδε ᾱ̓ρδέτω ᾱ̓́ρδετον ᾱ̓ρδέτων   ᾱ̓́ρδετε ᾱ̓ρδόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative ᾱ̓́ρδομαι ᾱ̓́ρδῃ,
ᾱ̓́ρδει		 ᾱ̓́ρδεται ᾱ̓́ρδεσθον ᾱ̓́ρδεσθον ᾱ̓ρδόμεθᾰ ᾱ̓́ρδεσθε ᾱ̓́ρδονται
subjunctive ᾱ̓́ρδωμαι ᾱ̓́ρδῃ ᾱ̓́ρδηται ᾱ̓́ρδησθον ᾱ̓́ρδησθον ᾱ̓ρδώμεθᾰ ᾱ̓́ρδησθε ᾱ̓́ρδωνται
optative ᾱ̓ρδοίμην ᾱ̓́ρδοιο ᾱ̓́ρδοιτο ᾱ̓́ρδοισθον ᾱ̓ρδοίσθην ᾱ̓ρδοίμεθᾰ ᾱ̓́ρδοισθε ᾱ̓́ρδοιντο
imperative   ᾱ̓́ρδου ᾱ̓ρδέσθω ᾱ̓́ρδεσθον ᾱ̓ρδέσθων   ᾱ̓́ρδεσθε ᾱ̓ρδέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ᾱ̓́ρδειν ᾱ̓́ρδεσθαι
participle m ᾱ̓́ρδων ᾱ̓ρδόμενος
f ᾱ̓́ρδουσᾰ ᾱ̓ρδομένη
n ἆρδον ᾱ̓ρδόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἦρδον, ἠρδόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἦρδον ἦρδες ἦρδε(ν) ἤρδετον ἠρδέτην ἤρδομεν ἤρδετε ἦρδον
middle/
passive		 indicative ἠρδόμην ἤρδου ἤρδετο ἤρδεσθον ἠρδέσθην ἠρδόμεθᾰ ἤρδεσθε ἤρδοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἦρσᾰ, ἠρσᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἦρσᾰ ἦρσᾰς ἦρσε(ν) ἤρσᾰτον ἠρσᾰ́την ἤρσᾰμεν ἤρσᾰτε ἦρσᾰν
subjunctive ᾱ̓́ρσω ᾱ̓́ρσῃς ᾱ̓́ρσῃ ᾱ̓́ρσητον ᾱ̓́ρσητον ᾱ̓́ρσωμεν ᾱ̓́ρσητε ᾱ̓́ρσωσῐ(ν)
optative ᾱ̓́ρσαιμῐ ᾱ̓́ρσειᾰς,
ᾱ̓́ρσαις		 ᾱ̓́ρσειε(ν),
ᾱ̓́ρσαι		 ᾱ̓́ρσαιτον ᾱ̓ρσαίτην ᾱ̓́ρσαιμεν ᾱ̓́ρσαιτε ᾱ̓́ρσειᾰν,
ᾱ̓́ρσαιεν
imperative   ἆρσον ᾱ̓ρσᾰ́τω ᾱ̓́ρσᾰτον ᾱ̓ρσᾰ́των   ᾱ̓́ρσᾰτε ᾱ̓ρσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἠρσᾰ́μην ἤρσω ἤρσᾰτο ἤρσᾰσθον ἠρσᾰ́σθην ἠρσᾰ́μεθᾰ ἤρσᾰσθε ἤρσᾰντο
subjunctive ᾱ̓́ρσωμαι ᾱ̓́ρσῃ ᾱ̓́ρσηται ᾱ̓́ρσησθον ᾱ̓́ρσησθον ᾱ̓ρσώμεθᾰ ᾱ̓́ρσησθε ᾱ̓́ρσωνται
optative ᾱ̓ρσαίμην ᾱ̓́ρσαιο ᾱ̓́ρσαιτο ᾱ̓́ρσαισθον ᾱ̓ρσαίσθην ᾱ̓ρσαίμεθᾰ ᾱ̓́ρσαισθε ᾱ̓́ρσαιντο
imperative   ἆρσαι ᾱ̓ρσᾰ́σθω ᾱ̓́ρσᾰσθον ᾱ̓ρσᾰ́σθων   ᾱ̓́ρσᾰσθε ᾱ̓ρσᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive ἆρσαι ᾱ̓́ρσᾰσθαι
participle m ᾱ̓́ρσᾱς ᾱ̓ρσᾰ́μενος
f ᾱ̓́ρσᾱσᾰ ᾱ̓ρσᾰμένη
n ἆρσᾰν ᾱ̓ρσᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms
  • ἀρδεύω (ardeúō)
  • ἀρδμός (ardmós)
  • ἀρδᾰ́λῐον (ardálion)
  • νεοαρδής (neoardḗs)

Further reading
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