ἀσκηθής

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain. Apparently from ἀ- (a-, “not”) +‎ + *σκῆθος (*skêthos, “damage”) +‎ -ής (-ḗs, adjective suffix). Attempts have been made to connect the root with Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (skaþjan), but are unconvincing as Gothic 𐌸 (þ) does not match with Ancient Greek θ (th) per Grimm’s law unless the θ comes from Proto-Indo-European *th₂. However, the Gothic term is apparently connected to Proto-Indo-European *(s)keh₁t- (“damage, harm”), so the Greek term could ultimately be of PIE origin, albeit inherited through an intermediary source.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /as.kɛː.tʰɛ̌ːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /as.ke̝ˈtʰe̝s/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /as.ciˈθis/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /as.ciˈθis/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /as.ciˈθis/

Adjective

ἀσκηθής • (askēthḗs) m or f (neuter ἀσκηθές); third declension

unhurt, unscathed, sound, healthy, unblemished

Inflection

Third declension of ἀσκηθής; ἀσκηθές (contracted, Attic)

Number	Singular		Dual		Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ἀσκηθής askēthḗs	ἀσκηθές askēthés	ἀσκηθεῖ askētheî	ἀσκηθεῖ askētheî	ἀσκηθεῖς askētheîs	ἀσκηθῆ askēthê
Genitive	ἀσκηθοῦς askēthoûs	ἀσκηθοῦς askēthoûs	ἀσκηθοῖν askēthoîn	ἀσκηθοῖν askēthoîn	ἀσκηθῶν askēthôn	ἀσκηθῶν askēthôn
Dative	ἀσκηθεῖ askētheî	ἀσκηθεῖ askētheî	ἀσκηθοῖν askēthoîn	ἀσκηθοῖν askēthoîn	ἀσκηθέσῐ / ἀσκηθέσῐν askēthési(n)	ἀσκηθέσῐ / ἀσκηθέσῐν askēthési(n)
Accusative	ἀσκηθῆ askēthê	ἀσκηθές askēthés	ἀσκηθεῖ askētheî	ἀσκηθεῖ askētheî	ἀσκηθεῖς askētheîs	ἀσκηθῆ askēthê
Vocative	ἀσκηθές askēthés	ἀσκηθές askēthés	ἀσκηθεῖ askētheî	ἀσκηθεῖ askētheî	ἀσκηθεῖς askētheîs	ἀσκηθῆ askēthê
Derived forms	Adverb		Comparative		Superlative
Derived forms	ἀσκηθῶς askēthôs		ἀσκηθέστερος askēthésteros		ἀσκηθέστᾰτος askēthéstatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of ἀσκηθής; ἀσκηθές (uncontracted, Epic)

Number	Singular		Dual		Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter	Masculine / Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ἀσκηθής askēthḗs	ἀσκηθές askēthés	ἀσκηθεῖ / ἀσκηθέε askētheî / askēthée	ἀσκηθεῖ / ἀσκηθέε askētheî / askēthée	ἀσκηθεῖς / ἀσκηθέες askētheîs / askēthées	ἀσκηθέᾰ askēthéa
Genitive	ἀσκηθέος / ἀσκηθεῦς askēthéos / askētheûs	ἀσκηθέος / ἀσκηθεῦς askēthéos / askētheûs	ἀσκηθοῖν askēthoîn	ἀσκηθοῖν askēthoîn	ἀσκηθέων askēthéōn	ἀσκηθέων askēthéōn
Dative	ἀσκηθεῖ / ἀσκηθέῐ̈ askētheî / askēthéï	ἀσκηθεῖ / ἀσκηθέῐ̈ askētheî / askēthéï	ἀσκηθοῖν askēthoîn	ἀσκηθοῖν askēthoîn	ἀσκηθέσῐ / ἀσκηθέσῐν askēthési(n)	ἀσκηθέσῐ / ἀσκηθέσῐν askēthési(n)
Accusative	ἀσκηθέᾰ askēthéa	ἀσκηθές askēthés	ἀσκηθεῖ / ἀσκηθέε askētheî / askēthée	ἀσκηθεῖ / ἀσκηθέε askētheî / askēthée	ἀσκηθέᾰς askēthéas	ἀσκηθέᾰ askēthéa
Vocative	ἀσκηθές askēthés	ἀσκηθές askēthés	ἀσκηθεῖ / ἀσκηθέε askētheî / askēthée	ἀσκηθεῖ / ἀσκηθέε askētheî / askēthée	ἀσκηθεῖς / ἀσκηθέες askētheîs / askēthées	ἀσκηθέᾰ askēthéa
Derived forms	Adverb		Comparative		Superlative
Derived forms	ἀσκηθέως askēthéōs		ἀσκηθέστερος askēthésteros		ἀσκηθέστᾰτος askēthéstatos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

References

“ἀσκηθής”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“ἀσκηθής”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“ἀσκηθής”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἀσκηθής in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἀσκηθής in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἀσκηθής in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN

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