ḫw.f-wj

Egyptian

Etymology

ḫw (“shall protect”, subjunctive mood of ḫwj (“to protect”)) +‎ .f (“he”) +‎ wj (“me”), thus literally ’He shall protect me’; the longer version of the name, ẖnmw-ḫw.f-wj, reveals that ‘he’ is the god Khnum.

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /χawˈjafwij/ → /χawˈjafwij/ → /χəˈwafwə/ → /χəˈwaf(w)/[1][2]
  • (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /xuːʔɛf wi/, /xuːfuː/
    • Conventional anglicization: khu.ef-wi, khufu

Proper noun
xwfw

 m

  1. A throne name notably borne by Khufu, a pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫw.f-wj  
x
f		 W
x
f		 w
x
f		 w
f
x
D43		 fw
xwf
ḫ.f-w ḫ.f-w ḫ.f-wf ḫw.f-w ḫw.f
Abydos King List Saqqara King List

Derived terms

Descendants
  • → English: Khufu
  • → Ancient Greek: Χέοψ (Khéops), Σοῦφις (Soûphis), Σώϋφις (Sṓüphis), Σαῶφις (Saôphis), Σοφέ (Sophé)[3]

References
  • “Ḫwi̯⸗f-wj (lemma ID 400277)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Leprohon, Ronald (2013) Denise Doxey, editor, The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary, Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, →ISBN, page 35
  • von Beckerath, Jürgen (1984) Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen, München: Deutscher Kunstverlag, →ISBN, pages 52, 178
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 82
  2. Gundacker, Roman (2015) “The Chronology of the Third and Fourth Dynasties according to Manetho’s Aegyptiaca” in Towards a New History for the Egyptian Old Kingdom, page 114–115, provides the final vowel but disagrees with Loprieno in some details of the word’s subsequent development: where Loprieno considers the semivowels preceding the tonic /a/ to have ultimately reduced to glottal stops, Gundacker posits that /j/ assimilated to the preceding /w/, which was preserved.
  3. Gundacker, Roman (2015) “The Chronology of the Third and Fourth Dynasties according to Manetho’s Aegyptiaca” in Towards a New History for the Egyptian Old Kingdom, page 114–115
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