ḫꜥj

See also: ḥꜥj

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈχiʕjit/ → /ˈχiʕjiʔ/ → /ˈχeʕja/ → /ˈχeʕjə/

Verb
xa
a
Y1

 3ae inf.

  1. (intransitive, of celestial bodies) to rise
  2. (intransitive) to appear (in glory)
  3. (intransitive) to shine forth
    • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 12–13:
      xa
      Hr g      		 n
      t
      t
      f      		 miiC1wbn
      ra
      f      		 mAxt
      t      		 r
      a
      f      		 O43
      p      		 ra
      n      		 Hr
      Z1      		 k
      k      		 N3
      sHDD&ran
      f      		 Swwra
      H_SPACE      		 mS9f
      y      		 G32n
      f      		 tA
      tA
      N21 N21      		 miiiT
      n
      ra      		 mtp Z1
      dwA      		 iit
      ra
      ḫꜥ ḥr nst nt (j)t.f mj rꜥ wbn.f m ꜣḫt rdj.f šsp n ḥr(j) kkw sḥḏ.n.f šw m šwtj.fj bꜥḥ.n.f tꜣwj mj jṯn m tp-dwꜣyt
      One shining forth on the throne of his father like Ra when he rises in the Akhet, he gave light to what was covered by darkness, having brightened the air with his two plumes, having flooded the Two Lands (Egypt) like the sun disk at the break of dawn.

Inflection
Conjugation of ḫꜥj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḫꜥ, geminated stem: ḫꜥꜥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḫꜥt, ḫꜥj
 ḫꜥw, ḫꜥ
 ḫꜥt, ḫꜥwt, ḫꜥyt
 ḫꜥ
 ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḫꜥ8, ḫꜥꜥ8
 ḥr ḫꜥt, ḥr ḫꜥj
 m ḫꜥt, m ḫꜥj
 r ḫꜥt, r ḫꜥj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect ḫꜥ.n
 consecutive ḫꜥ.jn
terminative ḫꜥt, ḫꜥyt
perfective3 ḫꜥ
 obligative1 ḫꜥ.ḫr
imperfective ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy
prospective3 ḫꜥw, ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy
 potentialis1 ḫꜥ.kꜣ
subjunctive ḫꜥ, ḫꜥy
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect ḫꜥ.n
 — —
perfective ḫꜥw1, ḫꜥy, ḫꜥ
 ḫꜥ
 ḫꜥy, ḫꜥ
imperfective ḫꜥꜥ, ḫꜥꜥy, ḫꜥꜥw5
 ḫꜥꜥ, ḫꜥꜥj6, ḫꜥꜥy6
 ḫꜥꜥ, ḫꜥꜥw5
prospective ḫꜥw1, ḫꜥy, ḫꜥ, ḫꜥtj7
 ḫꜥwtj1 4, ḫꜥtj4, ḫꜥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫꜥj  
xa
a
xa
ḫꜥj ḫꜥj
[Pyramid Texts, 18th Dynasty, Late and Greco-Roman Periods]

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Demotic: ḫꜥ
    • Akhmimic Coptic: ⳉⲁⲉ (xae)
    • Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲁⲓ (šai)
    • Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲉⲉⲓ (šeei)
    • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲁⲓⲉ (šaie)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲁ (ša)

References
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 33
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