ḥꜣtj

Egyptian
Egyptian numbers (edit)
10
𓏺
1		 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: wꜥ
    Ordinal: tpj, ḥꜣtj
    Adverbial: zp wꜥ
    Distributive: wꜥ wꜥ

Etymology

From ḥꜣt (“front”) +‎ -j (nisba ending).

The noun is traditionally regarded as simply a nominalized use of this nisba adjective, thus literally ‘the frontal (organ)’. However, note the different developments in Coptic. Some have instead suggested an Indo-European source for the noun; compare Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.

Pronunciation
 
  • (adjective): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ħuˈʀiːtij/ → /ħuˈʀiːtij/ → /ˈħwiːtə/ → /ħwiːt/
 
  • (noun): (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈħuʀtVj/ → /ˈħuʀtVj/ → /ˈħuːtə/ → /ˈħeːt/

Adjective
HAt
t y
  1. frontal
  2. (Late Egyptian) first
    Synonym: (Old and Middle Egyptian) tpj

Inflection
Declension of ḥꜣtj (nisba adjective)
masculine feminine
singular ḥꜣtj
 ḥꜣtt
dual ḥꜣtjwj, ḥꜣtwj
 ḥꜣttj
plural ḥꜣtjw, ḥꜣtw
 ḥꜣtwt1, ḥꜣtt2
  1. Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
  2. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
    In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥꜣtj  
HAtWt
y		 Z9
Y1
ḥꜣwtj
[Late Egyptian]

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Demotic: ḥꜣṱ
    • Bohairic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)
    • Fayyumic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ (houeit), ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)
    • Lycopolitan Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)
    • Old Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲓⲧ (houit)
    • Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ (houeit)

Noun
HAt
t y		 F34

 m

  1. heart
  2. mind, where thought and emotions are experienced
  3. (by extension) a jewel

Usage notes

More so than jb, this word is used to refer to the heart as a physical organ; however, the two are often interchangeable.

Inflection
Declension of ḥꜣtj (masculine)
singular ḥꜣtj
dual ḥꜣtjwj
plural ḥꜣtjw

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥꜣtj  
HAt
Z4		 F34
HAt
F34
ḥꜣtj ḥꜣt

Synonyms
  • (heart, mind): jb

Derived terms
  • jwtj ḥꜣtj (“foolishly, sadly (with one's heart)”)
  • rḏj ḥꜣtj m sꜣ (“to worry oneself about... (to put one's heart to the back)”)
  • ḥꜣtjw (“thoughts”)
  • ḥꜣtj n bjꜣ (“tireless (heart of bronze)”)

Descendants
  • Demotic: ḥꜣṱ

References
  • Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction, second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 68
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 81.
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
  2. Peust, Carsten (1999) Egyptian Phonology: An Introduction to the Phonology of a Dead Language‎, Göttingen: Peust und Gutschmidt Verlag GbR, page 262
  3. Osing, Jürgen (1976) Die Nominalbildung des Ägyptischen, Mainz/Rhein: von Zabern, →ISBN, pages 316, 438, 458, 459
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