ᚢᚦᛡᚱᛡᛒᛡ

Proto-Norse

Etymology

From ᚢᚾ- (un-, “un-”) +‎ *ᚦᚨᚱᛒᚢ (*þarbu, “need, want”), first from Proto-Germanic *un-, second from Proto-Germanic *þarbō. ᚢ- (u-) is a younger form of ᚢᚾ- (un-), and ᛡ (A) is the transitional a-rune, displacing earlier ᚨ (a), which instead takes a nasal quality, which it retains in the Younger Futhark. The second A reflects a svarabhakti (epenthetic) vowel; compare ᛒᛡᚱᛁᚢᛏᛁᚦ (bᴀriutiþ /⁠bᵃriutiþ⁠/), ᚺᚨᚱᚨᛒᚨᚾᚨᛉ (harabanaʀ /⁠hᵃrabᵃnaʀ⁠/).

This word is only attested once, in a late inscription and in the genitive plural.

Noun

ᚢᚦᛡᚱᛡᛒᛡ (uþᴀrᴀbᴀ /ūþarᵃβa/) f (genitive plural) (Transitional Period)

  1. misfortune, something harmful
    • 7th century, inscription on the Björketorp stone:
      ᚢᚦᛡᚱᛡᛒᛡᛋᛒᛡ
      uþArAbAsbA
      ūþarᵃβa spā
      [a] prophecy of misfortune

Descendants
  • Old Norse: óþǫrf, úþǫrf (genitive plural óþarfa)
    • Icelandic: óþörf
    • Old Swedish: otharf
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