ჩამო-

From Old Georgian შთამო- (štamo-), equivalent to ჩა- (ča-) +‎ მო- (mo-). According to Akaki Shanidze, it replaced the now obsolete preverb დამო- (damo-), Consisting of და- (da-) +‎ მო- (mo-). However, both prefixes are very much alive and productive separately. This preverb only survives in fixed forms such as დამოკიდებული (damoḳidebuli), which in modern Georgian would be rendered as ჩამოკიდებული (čamoḳidebuli).

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃamo/, [t͡ʃʰamo]
• Hyphenation: ჩა‧მო-

ჩამო- • (čamo-)

1. Indicates the direction of the verb: from up to low and towards the speaker
2. Derives perfective verbs from imperfective ones
3. Makes the future tense from the present

• ჩა- (ča-)

• Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1950–1964), “ჩამო-”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Academy Press