સસ્તું

Gujarati

Etymology

Unclear.[1] The preservation of the cluster -st- universally rules out Sanskrit inheritance; most Indo-Aryan languages would have assimilated that to -tt-. Given the widespread distribution of the term, it would have been an early borrowing or a borrowing from an influential language. Cognate with Assamese সস্তা (xosta), Bengali সস্তা (śosta), Hindustani سستا / सस्ता (sastā), the hypercorrected Marathi स्वस्त (svasta) (earlier सस्त (sasta)), Nepali सस्तो (sasto), Odia ଶସ୍ତା (śôsta), Punjabi ਸਸਤਾ (sastā), Sindhi سَستو (sasto), and Sylheti ꠢꠍꠔꠣ (hosta).

theories

Several theories have been put forward:

  1. An assimilation of Classical Persian سست (sust, “languid, lazy; loose”), making it a doublet of સુસ્ત (sust).
  2. Inherited from Sanskrit स्वस्थ (svastha, “healthy”).[2][3] This is unlikely due to the regular simplification of consonant clusters in Middle Indo-Aryan; compare Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀣 (sattha), which would theoretically yield Hindi *साथा (sāthā) or *सत्था (satthā).
  3. The likely wrong suggestion of inheritance from Sanskrit समर्घ (samargha, “having a low price”).[4] This already yielded સોંઘું (soṅghũ, “cheap”), which is not very common now. The only redeeming quality of this suggestion is that offers a direct contrast to મોંઘું (moṅghũ, “expensive”), from Sanskrit महार्घ (mahārgha, “having a high price”). Compare Hindi सहँगा (sahaṅgā, “cheap”), Old Marathi सवंग (savaṃga).[5]

Pronunciation

Adjective

સસ્તું • (sastũ)

  1. cheap, inexpensive
    Synonym: સોંઘું (soṅghũ)

Declension
Declension of સસ્તું
nominative oblique/vocative/instrumental locative
singular plural singular plural
masculine સસ્તો (sasto) સસ્તા (sastā) સસ્તા (sastā) સસ્તા (sastā) સસ્તે (saste)
neuter સસ્તું (sastũ) સસ્તાં (sastā̃) સસ્તા (sastā) સસ્તાં (sastā̃) સસ્તે (saste)
feminine સસ્તી (sastī) સસ્તી (sastī) સસ્તી (sastī) સસ્તી (sastī)
  • Note: If the noun being modified is unmarked, then the masculine and neuter locatives do not apply.

References
  1. McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “સસ્તું”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
  2. Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “સસ્તું”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
  3. Platts, John T. (1884) “સસ્તું”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  4. The template Template:R:Fallon does not use the parameter(s): 
    1=ur
2=سستا
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    S. W. Fallon (1879) “સસ્તું”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
  5. Tulpule, Shankar Gopal; Feldhaus, Anne, “सवंग”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999.
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