योगक्षेम

योग (yoga, “yoking, effort”) +‎ क्षेम (kṣema, “welfare, safety, prosperity”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /jɐw.ɡɐk.ʂɐj.mɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /joː.ɡɐkˈʂeː.mɐ/

योगक्षेम • (yogakṣemá) stem, m

1. the secure possession of what has been acquired; the acquisition of property and the security thereof
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.166.5:

     यो॒ग॒क्षे॒मं व॑ आ॒दाया॒हं भू॑यासमुत्त॒म आ वो॑ मू॒र्धान॑मक्रमीम् ।

     yogakṣemáṃ va ādā́yāháṃ bhūyāsamuttamá ā́ vo mūrdhā́namakramīm.

     May I be highest [among you rivals], having gained your secured possessions, my feet have trodden on your heads.

   • c. 400 BCE, Bhagavad Gītā Chapter IX.22:

     अनन्याश्चिन्तयन्तो मां ये जनाः पर्युपासते ।
     तेषां नित्याभियुक्तानां योगक्षेमं वहाम्यहम् ॥

     ananyāścintayanto māṃ ye janāḥ paryupāsate .
     teṣāṃ nityābhiyuktānāṃ yogakṣemaṃ vahāmyaham .

     [And the Lord said:] "But those who always worship Me with exclusive devotion, meditating on My transcendental form – to them I carry what they lack, and preserve what they have."

   1. the charge for securing property against accidents; insurance
      • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti 7.127:

        क्रयविक्रयं अध्वानं भक्तं च सपरिव्ययम् ।
        योगक्षेमं च संप्रेक्ष्य वणिजो दापयेत्करान् ॥

        krayavikrayaṃ adhvānaṃ bhaktaṃ ca saparivyayam .
        yogakṣemaṃ ca saṃprekṣya vaṇijo dāpayetkarān .

        Having well considered [the rates of] purchase and sale, [the length of] the road, [the expense for] food and condiments, the charges of securing the goods, let the king make the traders pay duty.

2. welfare, peace, prosperity
   • c. 1200 BCE – 800 BCE, Kṛṣṇa-Yajurveda (Taittirīya Saṃhitā) VII.5.18:

     आऽस्मिन् राष्ट्रे राजन्य इषव्यः शूरो महारथो जायताम् । दोग्ध्री धेनुः । वोढाऽनड्वान् आशुः सप्तिः पुरंधिर्योषा जिष्णू रथेष्ठाः सभेयो युवा । आऽस्य यजमानस्य वीरो जायताम् । निकामेनिकामे नः पर्जन्यो वर्षतु फलिन्यो न ओषधयः पच्यन्ताम् । योगक्षेमो नः कल्पताम् ॥

     ā́smín rāṣṭré rājanyà iṣavyàḥ śū́ro mahārathó jāyatām. dógdhrī dhenúḥ. vóḍhānaḍvā́n. ā́śuḥ sáptiḥ. púraṃdhiryóṣā. jiṣṇū́ ratheṣṭhā́ḥ. sabhéyo yúvā. ā́syá yájamānasya vīró jāyatām. nikāménikāme naḥ parjányo varṣatu phalínyo na óṣadhayaḥ pacyantām. yogakṣemó naḥ kalpatām.

     In this kingdom may a prince [who is bent on ruling] be born, an archer [who is able to shoot arrows], a hero [who is bent on excelling in battle], and a great chariot-fighter [who is bent on fighting]; a milk cow who will yield milk; a draught ox [who is bent on plowing]; a swift racer [who is bent on running]; a young woman who is fertile; a victorious warrior [who is bent on winning]; a youth fit for the assembly [who is bent on speaking well]. To this worshipper be a hero born. May Parjanya rain for us whensoever we desire. May our plants ripen with fruit. May peace and prosperity be ours.

3. rest after labour

• Central:
  • Hindi: जोखों (jokhõ), जोखिम (jokhim), जोखम (jokham, “charge for securing property from accidents, risk, danger, loss, injury”)
• Pali: yogakkhema (“rest after work”)
• Niya Prakrit: 𐨩𐨆𐨒𐨹𐨖𐨸𐨅𐨨 (yoǵach̄ema, “security”)
• Northern:
  • Kumaoni: जोखम (jokham, “injury”)
  • Nepali: जोखिम (jokhim)
• Northwestern:
  • Punjabic:
    • Lahnda: [script needed] (jokhiõ, “risk”)
    • Punjabi: ਜੋਖੋਂ (jokhõ, “danger”)
  • Sindhic:
    • Sindhi: جوکَمُ (jokho, “risk, danger”), جوکو (jokhimu)
• Southern:
  • Marathi: जोखींव (jokhīuva), जोखीम (jokhīm), जोखम (jokham)
• Western:
  • Gujarati: જોખમ (jokham)
• → Kannada: ಯೋಗಕ್ಷೇಮ (yōgakṣēma, “welfare”)
• → Malayalam: യോഗക്ഷേമം (yōgakṣēmaṁ, “welfare”)
• → Tamil: யோகக்ஷேமம் (yōkakṣēmam, “welfare”), யோகட்சேமம் (yōkaṭcēmam), யோகசேமம் (yōkacēmam)
• → Telugu: యోగక్షేమము (yōgakṣēmamu, “welfare”)