म्लेच्छ

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit म्लेच्छ (mleccha).

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /mleːt̪t͡ʃʰ/, [mleː(t̚)t͡ʃʰ]

Adjective

म्लेच्छ • (mlecch) (indeclinable)

  1. barbarian

Noun

म्लेच्छ • (mlecch) m

  1. barbarian

Declension
Declension of म्लेच्छ (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct म्लेच्छ
mlecch		 म्लेच्छ
mlecch
oblique म्लेच्छ
mlecch		 म्लेच्छों
mlecchõ
vocative म्लेच्छ
mlecch		 म्लेच्छो
mleccho

Further reading

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • ম্লেচ্ছ (Assamese script)
  • ᬫ᭄ᬮᬾᬘ᭄ᬙ (Balinese script)
  • ম্লেচ্ছ (Bengali script)
  • 𑰦𑰿𑰩𑰸𑰓𑰿𑰔 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀫𑁆𑀮𑁂𑀘𑁆𑀙 (Brahmi script)
  • မ္လေစ္ဆ (Burmese script)
  • મ્લેચ્છ (Gujarati script)
  • ਮ੍ਲੇਚ੍ਛ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌮𑍍𑌲𑍇𑌚𑍍𑌛 (Grantha script)
  • ꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦕ꧀ꦖ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂧𑂹𑂪𑂵𑂒𑂹𑂓 (Kaithi script)
  • ಮ್ಲೇಚ್ಛ (Kannada script)
  • ម្លេច្ឆ (Khmer script)
  • ມ຺ເລຈ຺ຉ (Lao script)
  • മ്ലേച്ഛ (Malayalam script)
  • ᠮᠯᡝᢜᡮᠠ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘦𑘿𑘩𑘹𑘓𑘿𑘔 (Modi script)
  • ᠮᠯᠧᢋᠼᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧆𑧠𑧉𑧚𑦳𑧠𑦴 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐩𑑂𑐮𑐾𑐔𑑂𑐕 (Newa script)
  • ମ୍ଲେଚ୍ଛ (Odia script)
  • ꢪ꣄ꢭꢾꢗ꣄ꢘ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆩𑇀𑆬𑆼𑆖𑇀𑆗 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖦𑖿𑖩𑖸𑖓𑖿𑖔 (Siddham script)
  • ම‍්ලෙච‍්ඡ (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩴 𑪙𑩽𑩔𑩡 𑪙𑩢 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚢𑚶𑚥𑚲𑚏𑚶𑚐 (Takri script)
  • ம்லேச்ச² (Tamil script)
  • మ్లేచ్ఛ (Telugu script)
  • มฺเลจฺฉ (Thai script)
  • མླེ་ཙྪ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒧𑓂𑒪𑒹𑒔𑓂𑒕 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨢𑩇𑨬𑨄𑨣𑩇𑨤 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Thought to be from a substrate language, might be a borrowing from Proto-Dravidian *mel-Vkku. Possibly related to Akkadian 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 (Me-luḫ-ḫa) or Sumerian 𒈨𒈛𒄩𒆠 (Me-luh-haKI /⁠Melukhkha, Meluḫḫa⁠/).

Pronunciation
  • (Vedic) IPA(key): /mlɐjt.t͡ɕʰɐ́/, [l̃lɐjt̚.t͡ɕʰɐ́]
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈml̪eːt̪.t͡ɕʰɐ/, [ˈml̪eːt̪̚.t͡ɕʰɐ]

Noun

म्लेच्छ • (mleccha) stem, m

  1. mleccha, foreigner, barbarian
    Synonyms: बर्बर (barbara), यवन (yavana)

Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of म्लेच्छ (mlecchá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative म्लेच्छः
mleccháḥ		 म्लेच्छौ / म्लेच्छा¹
mlecchaú / mlecchā́¹		 म्लेच्छाः / म्लेच्छासः¹
mlecchā́ḥ / mlecchā́saḥ¹
Vocative म्लेच्छ
mléccha		 म्लेच्छौ / म्लेच्छा¹
mlécchau / mlécchā¹		 म्लेच्छाः / म्लेच्छासः¹
mlécchāḥ / mlécchāsaḥ¹
Accusative म्लेच्छम्
mlecchám		 म्लेच्छौ / म्लेच्छा¹
mlecchaú / mlecchā́¹		 म्लेच्छान्
mlecchā́n
Instrumental म्लेच्छेन
mlecchéna		 म्लेच्छाभ्याम्
mlecchā́bhyām		 म्लेच्छैः / म्लेच्छेभिः¹
mlecchaíḥ / mlecchébhiḥ¹
Dative म्लेच्छाय
mlecchā́ya		 म्लेच्छाभ्याम्
mlecchā́bhyām		 म्लेच्छेभ्यः
mlecchébhyaḥ
Ablative म्लेच्छात्
mlecchā́t		 म्लेच्छाभ्याम्
mlecchā́bhyām		 म्लेच्छेभ्यः
mlecchébhyaḥ
Genitive म्लेच्छस्य
mlecchásya		 म्लेच्छयोः
mleccháyoḥ		 म्लेच्छानाम्
mlecchā́nām
Locative म्लेच्छे
mlecché		 म्लेच्छयोः
mleccháyoḥ		 म्लेच्छेषु
mlecchéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Derived terms
  • म्लेच्छराज्य (mleccharājya)

Descendants
  • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀮𑀓𑁆𑀔𑀼 (milakkhu), 𑀫𑁂𑀘𑁆𑀙 (meccha)
  • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑁂𑀘𑁆𑀙 (meccha)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀫𑀺𑀮𑀺𑀘𑁆𑀙 (miliccha)
    • Old Marathi: मलैस (malaisa)
  • Pali: milakkha, milakkhu (a borrowing from another Prakrit), milāca
  • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Braj: मेछ (mech)
  • → Bengali: ম্লেচ্ছ (mleccho)
  • → Hindi: म्लेच्छ (mlecch)
  • → Kannada: ಮ್ಲೇಚ್ಛ (mlēccha)
  • → Tamil: மிலேச்சன் (milēccaṉ)
  • → Classical Newar: म्लेछ
  • → Old Javanese: [script needed] (mleccha), [script needed] (maleca)
    • Javanese: ꦩ꧀ꦭꦺꦕ (mléca)
  • → Old Marathi: म्लेंछ (mleṃcha)
  • → Malayalam: മ്ലേച്ഛം (mlēcchaṁ), മ്ലേച്ഛൻ (mlēcchaṉ), മ്ലേച്ഛ (mlēccha)
  • → Middle Chinese: 蔑戾車 (MC met let tsyhae), 蔑隸車 (MC met lejH tsyhae)

References
  • “म्लेच्छ॑” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 423, column 2.
  • The template Template:R:sa:Macdonell does not use the parameter(s): 
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    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “म्लेच्छ”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 237
  • Monier Williams (1899) “म्लेच्छ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 837/3.
  • Apte, Macdonell (2022) “म्लेच्छ”, in Digital Dictionaries of South India [Combined Sanskrit Dictionaries]
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