द्यूत

Sanskrit

Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
  • দ্যূত (Assamese script)
  • ᬤ᭄ᬬᬹᬢ (Balinese script)
  • দ্যূত (Bengali script)
  • 𑰟𑰿𑰧𑰳𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀤𑁆𑀬𑀽𑀢 (Brahmi script)
  • ဒျူတ (Burmese script)
  • દ્યૂત (Gujarati script)
  • ਦ੍ਯੂਤ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌦𑍍𑌯𑍂𑌤 (Grantha script)
  • ꦢꦾꦹꦠ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂠𑂹𑂨𑂴𑂞 (Kaithi script)
  • ದ್ಯೂತ (Kannada script)
  • ទ្យូត (Khmer script)
  • ທ຺ຍູຕ (Lao script)
  • ദ്യൂത (Malayalam script)
  • ᡩᠶᡠᡠᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘟𑘿𑘧𑘴𑘝 (Modi script)
  • ᢑᠶ᠋ᠤᠤᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑦿𑧠𑧇𑧕𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐡𑑂𑐫𑐹𑐟 (Newa script)
  • ଦ୍ଯୂତ (Odia script)
  • ꢣ꣄ꢫꢹꢡ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆢𑇀𑆪𑆷𑆠 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖟𑖿𑖧𑖳𑖝 (Siddham script)
  • ද්‍යූත (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩭 𑪙𑩻𑩒𑩛𑩫 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚛𑚶𑚣𑚱𑚙 (Takri script)
  • த்³யூத (Tamil script)
  • ద్యూత (Telugu script)
  • ทฺยูต (Thai script)
  • དྱཱུ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒠𑓂𑒨𑒴𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨛𑩇𑨪𑨃𑨊𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dyuH- (“to endeavour”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬁𐬛𐬍𐬎𐬎𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬍 (ādīuuiieiṇtī, “to endeavour”), Ossetian ӕндеун (ændewn), ӕндиуын (ændiwyn, “to dare”). Also compare दीव् (dī́v, “gambling, game of dice”).

Pronunciation

Noun

द्यूत • (dyūtá) stem, n

  1. gambling, game of dice
    • c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 12.3.46:
      सत्याय च तपसे देवताभ्यो निधिं शेवधिं परि दद्म एतम् ।
      मा नो द्यूतेऽव गान् मा समित्यां मा स्मान्यस्मा उत्सृजता पुरा मत्॥
      satyāya ca tapase devatābhyo nidhiṃ śevadhiṃ pari dadma etam.
      mā no dyūteʼva gān mā samityāṃ mā smānyasmā utsṛjatā purā mat.
      To Deities, to Truth, to holy Fervour this treasure we consign, this rich deposit,
      At the game of dice, in meeting led it not desert us, never give out to anyone besides me.
    • c. 400 BCE, Mahābhārata
    • c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
  2. play, gaming
  3. contest; battle or fight for

Declension
Neuter a-stem declension of द्यूत (dyūtá)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative द्यूतम्
dyūtám		 द्यूते
dyūté		 द्यूतानि / द्यूता¹
dyūtā́ni / dyūtā́¹
Vocative द्यूत
dyū́ta		 द्यूते
dyū́te		 द्यूतानि / द्यूता¹
dyū́tāni / dyū́tā¹
Accusative द्यूतम्
dyūtám		 द्यूते
dyūté		 द्यूतानि / द्यूता¹
dyūtā́ni / dyūtā́¹
Instrumental द्यूतेन
dyūténa		 द्यूताभ्याम्
dyūtā́bhyām		 द्यूतैः / द्यूतेभिः¹
dyūtaíḥ / dyūtébhiḥ¹
Dative द्यूताय
dyūtā́ya		 द्यूताभ्याम्
dyūtā́bhyām		 द्यूतेभ्यः
dyūtébhyaḥ
Ablative द्यूतात्
dyūtā́t		 द्यूताभ्याम्
dyūtā́bhyām		 द्यूतेभ्यः
dyūtébhyaḥ
Genitive द्यूतस्य
dyūtásya		 द्यूतयोः
dyūtáyoḥ		 द्यूतानाम्
dyūtā́nām
Locative द्यूते
dyūté		 द्यूतयोः
dyūtáyoḥ		 द्यूतेषु
dyūtéṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Descendants
  • Magadhi Prakrit: *𑀚𑀽𑀅 (*jūa)
    • Assamese: জুৱা (zua)
    • Bengali: জুয়া (juẏa)
    • Odia: ଜୁଆ (jua)
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀽𑀯 (jūva)
  • Pali: jūta
  • Paisaci Prakrit: (jūa?)
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀚𑀽𑀤 (jūda), 𑀚𑀽𑀅 (jūa)

References
  • Apte, Macdonell (2022) “द्यूत”, in Digital Dictionaries of South India [Combined Sanskrit Dictionaries]
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