दुस्-

Sanskrit

Alternative forms
  • दुः- (duḥ-) — before श्, ष्, स् (ś, ṣ, s) and rarely before क्, ख्, प्, फ् (k, kh, p, ph)
    • दुᳶ- (duf-) — (upadhmānīya) optionally before प्, फ् (p, ph)
    • दुᳵ- (dux-) — (jihvāmūlīya) optionally before क्, ख् (k, kh)
  • दुर्- (dur-) — before vowels and voiced consonants
  • दुश्- (duś-) — before च्, छ् (c, ch) and rarely before श् (ś)
  • दुष्- (duṣ-) — before क्, ख्, प्, फ् (k, kh, p, ph) and rarely before ष् (ṣ); in older language also before त्, थ् (t, th) which become ट्, ठ् (ṭ, ṭh)
  • दू- (dū-) — before र् (r) and sometimes before द्, ध्, न् (d, dh, n), which become ड्, ढ्, ण् (ḍ, ḍh, ṇ)

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • দুস্- (Assamese script)
  • ᬤᬸᬲ᭄- (Balinese script)
  • দুস্- (Bengali script)
  • 𑰟𑰲𑰭𑰿- (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀤𑀼𑀲𑁆- (Brahmi script)
  • ဒုသ်- (Burmese script)
  • દુસ્- (Gujarati script)
  • ਦੁਸ੍- (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌦𑍁𑌸𑍍- (Grantha script)
  • ꦢꦸꦱ꧀- (Javanese script)
  • 𑂠𑂳𑂮𑂹- (Kaithi script)
  • ದುಸ್- (Kannada script)
  • ទុស៑- (Khmer script)
  • ທຸສ຺- (Lao script)
  • ദുസ്- (Malayalam script)
  • ᡩᡠᠰ᠌᠊ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘟𑘳𑘭𑘿- (Modi script)
  • ᢑᠤᠰ᠊ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑦿𑧔𑧍𑧠- (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐡𑐸𑐳𑑂- (Newa script)
  • ଦୁସ୍- (Odia script)
  • ꢣꢸꢱ꣄- (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆢𑆶𑆱𑇀- (Sharada script)
  • 𑖟𑖲𑖭𑖿- (Siddham script)
  • දුස්- (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩭𑩒𑪁 𑪙- (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚛𑚰𑚨𑚶- (Takri script)
  • து³ஸ்- (Tamil script)
  • దుస్- (Telugu script)
  • ทุสฺ- (Thai script)
  • དུ་ས྄- (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒠𑒳𑒮𑓂- (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨛𑨃𑨰𑨴- (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *duš-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duš-, from Proto-Indo-European *dus-. Cognate with Ancient Greek δυσ- (dus-, “hard, difficult”), Old Armenian տ- (t-, a negative prefix), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬱- (duš-), Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌶- (tuz-); Old Irish do-.

Pronunciation

Prefix

दुस्- • (dus-)

  1. ill-, mal-
  2. badly, hardly; slight, inferior, etc., often = English in- or un-.
    ‎दुस्- (dus-) + ‎कर्म (karma, “act, action”) → ‎दुष्कर्म (duṣkarma, “evil act”)

Antonyms

Derived terms
Sanskrit terms prefixed with दुस्-

References
  • Monier Williams (1899) “दुस्-”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 488/1.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 735-6
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