दुश्मन

See also: दुश्मनी

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (dušman), ultimately from Proto-Iranian *dušmánah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dušmánas, from Proto-Indo-European *dusménos. Doublet of दुर्मना (durmanā) and दुमन (duman). Compare Assamese দুছমন (dusomon), Bengali দুশমন (duśmon), Gujarati દુશ્મન (duśman), Marathi दुशमन (duśman), Nepali दुश्मन (duśman), Punjabi ਦੁਸ਼ਮਣ (duśmaṇ), Santali ᱫᱩᱥᱢᱚᱱ (dusmôn).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /d̪ʊʃ.mən/, [d̪ʊʃ.mɐ̃n]

Noun

दुश्मन • (duśman) m (Urdu spelling دشمن)

enemy, foe

Declension

Declension of दुश्मन (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	दुश्मन duśman	दुश्मन duśman
oblique	दुश्मन duśman	दुश्मनों duśmanõ
vocative	दुश्मन duśman	दुश्मनो duśmano

Synonyms

शत्रु (śatru)

Derived terms

अक़्ल का दुश्मन (aqla kā duśman)

Derived terms

दुश्मनी (duśmanī)

References

Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “दुश्मन”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha

Nepali

Alternative forms

दुस्मन [dusman]

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (dušman).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d̪usmʌn]

Phonetic Devanagari: दुस्मन्

Noun

दुश्मन • (duśman)

enemy, foe

References

“दुश्मन”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “दुश्मन”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

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