गृह

See also: गेहूँ and गोह

Hindi

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit गृह (gṛhá). Doublet of घर (ghar).

गृह • (gŕh) m (Urdu spelling گرہ)

Declension of गृह (masc cons-stem)

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “गृह”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *gʰr̥dʰás (“house”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“enclosure”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa), Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ, “city”), English yard.

गृह • (gṛha) stem, m or n

a house, habitation, home, dwelling
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.49.1:
  उषो॑ भ॒द्रेभि॒रा ग॑हि दि॒वश्चि॑द्रोच॒नादधि॑ ।
  वह॑न्त्वरु॒णप्स॑व॒ उप॑ त्वा सो॒मिनो॑ गृ॒हम् ॥
  úṣo bhadrébhirā́ gahi diváścidrocanā́dádhi.
  váhantvaruṇápsava úpa tvā somíno gṛhám.
  Uṣas, come by auspicious way from the bright firmament; let the purple kine bring you to the dwelling of the offer of Soma.
assistant, servant
the inhabitants of a house, family
1. wife; householder
(at the end of a compound, with names of gods) a temple
चण्डिकागृह ― caṇḍikāgṛha ― a temple of Durgā

देवतागृह ― devatāgṛha ― temple, chapel
(at the end of a compound, with name of plants) a bower

Masculine a-stem declension of गृह (gṛhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गृहः gṛháḥ	गृहौ / गृहा¹ gṛhaú / gṛhā́¹	गृहाः / गृहासः¹ gṛhā́ḥ / gṛhā́saḥ¹
Vocative	गृह gṛ́ha	गृहौ / गृहा¹ gṛ́hau / gṛ́hā¹	गृहाः / गृहासः¹ gṛ́hāḥ / gṛ́hāsaḥ¹
Accusative	गृहम् gṛhám	गृहौ / गृहा¹ gṛhaú / gṛhā́¹	गृहान् gṛhā́n
Instrumental	गृहेण gṛhéṇa	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहैः / गृहेभिः¹ gṛhaíḥ / gṛhébhiḥ¹
Dative	गृहाय gṛhā́ya	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहेभ्यः gṛhébhyaḥ
Ablative	गृहात् gṛhā́t	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहेभ्यः gṛhébhyaḥ
Genitive	गृहस्य gṛhásya	गृहयोः gṛháyoḥ	गृहाणाम् gṛhā́ṇām
Locative	गृहे gṛhé	गृहयोः gṛháyoḥ	गृहेषु gṛhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic In later Sanskrit only the plural forms of the masculine were used.

Neuter a-stem declension of गृह (gṛhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गृहम् gṛhám	गृहे gṛhé	गृहाणि / गृहा¹ gṛhā́ṇi / gṛhā́¹
Vocative	गृह gṛ́ha	गृहे gṛ́he	गृहाणि / गृहा¹ gṛ́hāṇi / gṛ́hā¹
Accusative	गृहम् gṛhám	गृहे gṛhé	गृहाणि / गृहा¹ gṛhā́ṇi / gṛhā́¹
Instrumental	गृहेण gṛhéṇa	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहैः / गृहेभिः¹ gṛhaíḥ / gṛhébhiḥ¹
Dative	गृहाय gṛhā́ya	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहेभ्यः gṛhébhyaḥ
Ablative	गृहात् gṛhā́t	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहेभ्यः gṛhébhyaḥ
Genitive	गृहस्य gṛhásya	गृहयोः gṛháyoḥ	गृहाणाम् gṛhā́ṇām
Locative	गृहे gṛhé	गृहयोः gṛháyoḥ	गृहेषु gṛhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic Used only in the sense "house".

गृह • (gṛhá) stem, n

Neuter a-stem declension of गृह (gṛhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	गृहम् gṛhám	गृहे gṛhé	गृहाणि / गृहा¹ gṛhā́ṇi / gṛhā́¹
Vocative	गृह gṛ́ha	गृहे gṛ́he	गृहाणि / गृहा¹ gṛ́hāṇi / gṛ́hā¹
Accusative	गृहम् gṛhám	गृहे gṛhé	गृहाणि / गृहा¹ gṛhā́ṇi / gṛhā́¹
Instrumental	गृहेण gṛhéṇa	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहैः / गृहेभिः¹ gṛhaíḥ / gṛhébhiḥ¹
Dative	गृहाय gṛhā́ya	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहेभ्यः gṛhébhyaḥ
Ablative	गृहात् gṛhā́t	गृहाभ्याम् gṛhā́bhyām	गृहेभ्यः gṛhébhyaḥ
Genitive	गृहस्य gṛhásya	गृहयोः gṛháyoḥ	गृहाणाम् gṛhā́ṇām
Locative	गृहे gṛhé	गृहयोः gṛháyoḥ	गृहेषु gṛhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha) (see there for further descendants)
Dardic:
- Kashmiri: گَرٕ (garụ), गरॖ (garụ)
Pali: gaha, ghara
- → Khmer: ឃរ (khɔɔ) (learned)
→ Bengali: গৃহ (grihô) (learned)
→ Hindustani: (learned)
Hindi: गृह (gŕh)
→ Kannada: ಗೃಹ (gṛha) (learned)
→ Malay: gerha (learned)
- Indonesian: gerha
→ Malayalam: ഗൃഹം (gr̥haṁ) (learned)
→ Nepali: गृह (gr̥ha) (learned)
→ Old Javanese: gṛha, gerha, greha, griya (learned)
- Javanese: graha, griya
  - → Indonesian: gerha, graha, greha, griya
→ Old Javanese: ghāra (“wife”)
- Javanese: ꦒꦂꦮ (garwa, “wife”)
  - → Indonesian: garwa
  - → Sundanese: ᮌᮁᮝ (garwa)
→ Old Khmer: graha (learned)
- Khmer: គ្រឹហា (krɨhaa)
→ Odia: ଗୃହ (gruhô) (learned)
→ Tamil: கிரகம் (kirakam), கிருகம் (kirukam)
→ Telugu: గృహము (gr̥hamu) (learned)
→ Thai: คฤห (krʉ́) (learned)

Monier Williams (1899) “गृह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0361/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 495

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