گنبد
Persian
Etymology
Inherited from Middle Persian [script needed] (gwmbt' /gumbad/, “dome, fire-temple”), from Classical Syriac ܩܘܒܬܐ (qubbəṯā). Doublet of قبه (qobbe, “dome”), also from Syriac but through Arabic. Compare Old Armenian գմբեթ (gmbetʻ) and Georgian გუმბათი (gumbati), Iranian borrowings.
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ɡum.ˈbað]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ɡʊm.bǽd̪]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ɡʊm.bǽd̪]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ɡum.bǽd̪̥]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɡ̥om.bǽd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɡum.bǽd̪], [ɡum.bǽz]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | gumbaḏ |
| Dari reading? | gumbad |
| Iranian reading? | gombad |
| Tajik reading? | gumbad, gumbaz |
گنبد
Noun
| Dari | گنبد |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | гунбад, гунбаз |
گنبد • (gombad) (plural گنبدها (gombad-hâ))
- dome, cupola, vault
- Synonyms: قبه (qobbe), (archaic) کوپله (kupale)
- معلوم نیست ک اولین گنبد چه زمانی ساخته شد.
- ma'lum nist ke avvalin gombad če zamâni sâxte šod.
- It is not known when the first dome was built.
- c. 1060, Nāṣir-i Khusraw, Safarnāma [Book of Travels]:
- و میان ری و آمل کوه دماوند است مانند گنبدی و آن را لواسان گویند، و گویند بر سر آن چاهیست که نوشادر از آن حاصل می‌شود و گویند که کبریت نیز، و مردم پوست گاو ببرند و پر نوشادر کنند و از سر کوه بغلتانند که به راه نتوان فرود آوردن.
- wa miyān-i ray u āmul kōh-i damāwand ast mānand-i gumbadē u ān rā lawāsān gūyand, u gūyand bar sar-i ān čāhē-st ki nōšādur az ān hāsil mē-šawad u gūyand ki kibrīt nēz, u mardum pōst-i gāw bibarand u purr-i nōšādur kunand u az sar-i kōh biğaltānand ki ba rāh na-tawān furōd āwardan.
- And between the road from Ray to Āmul, there is Mount Damāvand like a dome; it is called Lavāsān. It is said that from its summit, there is a well which produces sal ammoniac, and they say also sulfur. People bring cowskin, fill it with sal ammoniac, and roll it down from the summit of the mountain, since it is impossible to bring it down by road.
- (metonymically) domed mausoleum or monument
Alternative forms
- گنبذ (gombaz) (archaic)
- گمبد (gombad)
Derived terms
- گنبد زدن (gombad zadan)
- گنبد کردن (gombad kardan)
- گنبددار (gombad-dâr)
- گنبدمانند (gombad-mânand)
- گنبده (gombade)
- گنبدی (gombadi)
- گنبدی‌شکل (gombadi-šekl)
Descendants
- → Arabic: جُنْبَد (jumbad), جُنْبَذ (jumbaḏ), جُنْبُذ m (jumbuḏ)
- → Assamese: গম্বুজ (gombuz), গুম্বজ (gumboz)
- → Azerbaijani: günbəz / گنبذ
- → Bashkir: көмбәҙ (kömbəź)
- → Bengali: গম্বুজ (gombuj), গুম্বজ (gumboj)
- → Gojri: گُمَٹ (gumaṭ)
- → Gujarati: ગુંબજ (gumbaj), ઘુંમટ (ghummaṭ), ઘૂમટ (ghūmaṭ)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kannada: ಗುಮ್ಮಟ (gummaṭa)
- → Kazakh: күмбез (kümbez)
- → Konkani: ghumaṭ
- Devanagari script: घुमट
- Kannada script: ಘುಮಟ್
- Latin script: ghumott
- → Kyrgyz: күмбөз (kümböz)
- → Malvi: घुमट (ghumaṭ)
- → Mandarin: 拱北 (Gǒngběi)
- → Marathi: घुमट (ghumaṭ)
- → Marwari:
- → Nepali: गुमज (gumaj)
- → Nogai: куьмбез (kümbez)
- → Odia: ଗୁମୁଟ (gumuṭô)
- → Ottoman Turkish: كمبد (kümbed)
- Turkish: kümbet
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਗੁੰਬਦ (gumbad)
- Shahmukhi script: گُنبَد (gunbad)
- → Saraiki: گُمُّذ (gummuẕ), گُمّبذ (gummbẕ)
- → Sindhi:
- Arabic script: گُنبَذُ
- Devanagari script: गुंबजु
- Khudawadi script: 𑊼𑋣𑋟𑋔𑋂𑋩𑋣 (gumbazu)
- → Tamil: கும்மட்டம் (kummaṭṭam)
- → Telugu: గుమ్మటము (gummaṭamu)
- → Turkmen: gümmez
- → Chagatai:
- Uyghur: گۇمبەز (gumbez)
- Uzbek: gumbaz
Further reading
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “گنبد”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “گنبد”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “gumbad”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
Urdu
Alternative forms
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian گنبد (gunbad), from Middle Persian [script needed] (gwmbt' /gumbad/, “dome, fire-temple”), from Classical Syriac ܩܘܒܬܐ (qubbəṯā).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɡʊm.bəd̪/
- Rhymes: -əd̪
- Hyphenation: گُن‧بَد
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