کشور

See also: كسور

Mazanderani

Noun

کشور (transliteration needed)

  1. country

Pashto

Noun

کشور • (kišwár) m

  1. land, region, territory, country

Declension
declension of کشور
singular plural
direct کشور
(kišwár)		 کشورونه
(kišwáruna)
oblique کشور
(kišwár)		 کشورونو
(kišwáruno)
vocative کشوره
(kišwára)		 کشورونو
(kišwáruno)

References
  • “کشور”, in Pashto Dictionary, Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.
  • Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009) “کشور”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press

Persian

Alternative forms
  • کشکر (keškar) (dialectical, obsolete)

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭱𐭥𐭥 (kišvar), from Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬀 (karšvar, “realm, region; one of the seven realms of the world”), from the root 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀 (karš-, “to plough”) (the same root as کشیدن (kašidan, “to pull, draw, stretch”), hence "a tract of land bordered by a ploughed line".

The term, a Middle Persian ecclesiastical borrowing from Avestan, originally referred to the "seven realms of the (known) world" to the ancient Iranic people, which was virtually only the ancient Indo-Iranian world of Inner Asia. With the expansion of knowledge of the world during the Middle Iranian era, the term expanded to refer to more broader regions. With the secularization of the term following the rise of Islam in Persia, it came to refer to realms, countries, or territories more generally.

Compare Central Kurdish کیشوه‌ر (kîşwer, “continent”), Sogdian 𐫐𐫏𐫢𐫛 (kyšp /⁠kišp⁠/, “country”), and Parthian [script needed] (kišfar).

Pronunciation
  • Audio(file)
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [kʰɪʃ.wǽɾ]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [kʰɪʃ.wǽɾ]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [kʰiʃ.wǽɾ]

Readings
Classical reading? kišwar
Dari reading? kišwar
Iranian reading? kešvar
Tajik reading? kišvar

Noun
Dari کشور
Iranian Persian
Tajik кишвар

کِشْوَر • (kešvar) (plural کشورها (kešvar-hâ))

  1. country
  2. realm, region; land, soil
  3. kingdom; territory
  4. homeland, fatherland, motherland

Inflection
    Basic forms of کشور (kešvar)
singular plural
bare کشور
(kešvar)		 کشورها
(kešvar-hấ)
کشورا △
(kešvarấ)
definitive direct object کشور را
(kešvar râ)
کشور رو △
(kešvaro)		 کشورها را
(kešvar-hấ râ)
کشورا رو △
(kešvarấ ro)
ezâfe کشور
(kešvar-e)		 کشورهای
(kešvar-hấ-ye)
کشورای △
(kešvarấ-ye)
marked indefinite
or relative definite		 کشوری
(kešvar-i)		 کشورهایی
(kešvarấn-i, kešvar-hấ-i)
کشورایی △
(kešvarấi)
△ Colloquial.

Derived terms
  • هفت کشور (haft-kešvar, “the seven realms”)

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian کشور (kišwar, “realm, region; country; kingdom, territory; clime”).

Cognate Pashto کشور (kišwár), Central Kurdish کیشوه‌ر (kîşwer, “continent”), and Sogdian [script needed] (kyšp /⁠kišp⁠/, “country”).

Pronunciation

Noun

کِشْوَر • (kiśvar) m (Hindi spelling किशवर)

  1. country
  2. realm, region
  3. climate, clime
Declension
Declension of کشور
singular plural
direct کشور (kiśvar) کشور (kiśvar)
oblique کشور (kiśvar) کشوروں (kiśvarō̃)
vocative کشور (kiśvar) کشورو (kiśvarō)
Derived terms
  • ہَفت کِشوَر (haft-kišvar, “the seven realms; the world”)
  • کِشْوَ رآرا (kišvar-āra)
  • کِشْوَر سِتاں (kišvar-sitā)
  • کِشْوَر سِتانی (kišvar-sitānī)
  • کِشْوَر کُشا (kišvar-kušā, “conqueor”)
  • کِشْوَر کُشائی (kišvar-kušā'ī, “conquest”)
  • کِشْوَر گِیر (kišvar-gīr)

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit किशोर (kiśora).

Pronunciation

Noun

کِشور • (kiśor) m (Hindi spelling किशोर)

  1. boy
  2. lad
  3. a youth
  4. (law) minor
Declension
Declension of کشور
singular plural
direct کشور (kiśor) کشور (kiśor)
oblique کشور (kiśor) کشوروں (kiśorō̃)
vocative کشور (kiśor) کشورو (kiśorō)

Etymology 3

From Sanskrit क्षौर (kṣaura).

Pronunciation

Noun

کْشور • (kśor) m (Hindi spelling क्षौर)

  1. shaving
  2. barbershop
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