کاروان

See also: كارۋان

Central Kurdish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kaːɾwaːn/

Noun

Northern Kurdish	karwan
Central Kurdish	کاروان (karwan)

کاروان (karwan)

caravan (a convoy or procession of travelers, their vehicles and cargo, and any pack animals)

Persian

Alternative forms

کارْبان (kârbân)

Etymology

From Middle Persian kʾlwʾn' (kārawān, “caravan; military column”). See descendants there.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [kɑːɾ.ˈwɑːn]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɑːɾ.wɑ́ːn]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [kʰɑːɾ.wɑ́ːn]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [kʰɔːɾ.wɔ́ːn]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɒːɹ.vɒ́ːn], [kʰɒː.ɹe.vɒ́ːn], [kʰɒː.ɹæ.vɒ́ːn]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [kʰɔɾ.vɔ́n]

Readings
Classical reading^?	kārwān
Dari reading^?	kārwān
Iranian reading^?	kârvân, kârevân, kâravân
Tajik reading^?	korvon

Noun


Iranian Persian	کاروان
Dari	کاروان
Tajik	корвон

کارْوان or کاروان or کاروان • (kârvân or kârevân or kâravân) (plural کاروان‌ها (kârvân-hâ))

Synonyms

قافِلِه (qâfele)

Derived terms

کاروانی (kârvâni)
کاروان‌سرا (kârvânsarâ)

Descendants

→ Arabic: قَيْرَوَان (qayrawān)
- → Persian: قیروان (qeyravân)
→ Bashkir: каруан (karwan)
→ Bengali: কারওয়ান (karōẇan), কারোয়ান (karōẇan); কারোয়াঁ (karōẇã); কাওরান (kaōran)
→ Chagatai: کاروان
- Uyghur: كارۋان (karwan)
- Uzbek: karvon
→ Gujarati: કારવાં (kārvā̃)
→ Hindustani:
- Hindi: कारवाँ (kārvā̃)
- Urdu: کاروان (kārvān)
→ Kazakh: керуен (keruen)
→ Middle Armenian: քարւան (kʻarwan)
- → Middle Georgian: ქარავანი (karavani)
  - Georgian: ქარავანი (karavani)
→ Medieval Latin: caravana
- → Italian: carovana, caravana
- → Middle High German: karabane
  - German: Karawane (see there for further descendants)
- → Portuguese: caravana
- → Spanish: caravana (see there for further descendants)
- → Catalan: caravana
- → Occitan: caravana
→ Old Anatolian Turkish: كاروان (karvan)
- Azerbaijani: karvan / کاروان
- Ottoman Turkish: كروان (kervan), كاروان (kârvân), كاربان (kârbân) (see there for further descendants)
→ Old French: carvane, carevane
- Middle French: caravane
  - French: caravane
  - → English: caravan (see there for further descendants)
  - → Dutch: karavaan
  - → Danish: karavane
  - → Swedish: karavan (see there for further descendants)
- → Middle Dutch: carvane
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਕਾਰਵਾਂ (kārvā̃)

Shahmukhi script: کاروان (kārvān)
→ Russian: караван (karavan)
→ Turkmen: kerwen

References

Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “کاروان”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “kārawān”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

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