چه

See also: جھ, چہ, جه, and ـچه

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From French Tchèque, from Czech Čech.

Proper noun

چه • (çeh)

Bohemia
Bohemian; Czech

Descendants

Turkish: Çek

References

Kélékian, Diran (1911) “چه”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 482
Redhouse, James W. (1890) “چه”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 741

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian 𐭰𐭩 (čē, “what; because”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷis.

Alternative forms

(či, chiefly colloquial)

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃi]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰiː], [t͡ʃʰeː], [t͡ʃʰɪ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɪ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰi]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰe]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰi]

Readings
Classical reading^?	či
Dari reading^?	čī, čē, či
Iranian reading^?	če
Tajik reading^?	či

Rhymes: -e

Pronoun


Dari	چه, چی
Iranian Persian	چی, چه
Tajik	чи

چه • (če) (plural چه‌ها)

(interrogative) what?
če dârid?
What do you have?

Determiner


Dari	چه, چی
Iranian Persian	چی, چه
Tajik	чи

چه • (če)

(before a definite noun) what sort of...
(before an indefinite noun) what...
če ketâbi peydâ kardi?
What book did you find?
(before an indefinite noun) what a... (exclamatory)
bah bah! če ketâbi!
Wow! What a book!

Adverb


Dari	چه, چی
Iranian Persian	چی, چه
Tajik	чи

چه • (če)

(before an adjective) how (exclamatory)
šahr-e esfahân če zibâ-st!
How beautiful the city of Isfahan is!

Conjunction

چه • (če)

(rare) because
Synonym: چون (čun)

Derived terms

چطور (četowr, “how”)
چه کسی (če kasi, “who”)
چقدر (čeqadr, “how much”)

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃa]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰä]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰä]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰä]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰe]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰä]

Readings
Classical reading^?	ča
Dari reading^?	ča
Iranian reading^?	če
Tajik reading^?	ča

Rhymes: -e

Suffix


Iranian Persian	ـچه
Dari	ـچه
Tajik	-ча

ـچه • (-če)

Suffix which forms the diminutive.

Derived terms

Persian terms suffixed with چه

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃah]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäʱ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɑː]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰɔː]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰæʱ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t͡ʃʰäʱ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	čah
Dari reading^?	čah
Iranian reading^?	čah
Tajik reading^?	čah

Noun


Iranian Persian	چه
Dari	چه
Tajik	чаҳ

چه • (čah)

Alternative form of (čâh, “well”)

Southwestern Fars

Noun

چه (ča)

(Masarm, Deh Sarv, Kuzarg) well, hole

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