مسلمان

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Classical Persian مسلمان (musalmān), from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim).

Noun

مسلمان • (müsliman)

  1. Muslim

Descendants

Persian

Etymology

Ultimately from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim), probably a corrupted borrowing of the Arabic plural مُسْلِمُون (muslimūn).

This is one of a number of very early oral borrowings from Arabic, dating to the earliest years of Islamic rule, that underwent irregular phonetic shifts. Others include میر (mir, “prince”) from أَمِير (ʔamīr) and now archaic Classical Persian مزگت (mazgit, “mosque”) from مَسْجِد (masjid).

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [mʊ.säl.mɑ́ːn]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [mʊ.säl.mɑ́ːn]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [mu.säl.mɔ́ːn]

Readings
Classical reading? musalmān
Dari reading? musalmān
Iranian reading? mosalmân
Tajik reading? musalmon

Noun
Dari مسلمان
Iranian Persian
Tajik мусалмон

مسلمان • (mosalmân) (plural مسلمانان (mosalmânân) or مسلمین (moslemin) or مسلمان‌ها (mosalmân-hâ))

  1. Muslim
    • c. 1030, Farrukhī Sīstānī, “Qaṣīda 175”, in دیوان فرخی سیستانی [Dīvān of Farrukhī]‎:
      عزمش چو عزم و حجت پیغمبران درست
      رایش چو رای و دولت نیک اختران متین
      همچون پدر بزرگ و جهاندار و بختیار
      همچون پدر کریم و مسلمان و پاکدین
      azm-aš čū azm u hujjat-i payğambarān durust
      rāy-aš čū rāy u dawlat-i nēk axtarān matīn
      hamčūn pidar buzurg u jahandār u baxtyār
      hamčūn pidar karīm u musalmān u pākdīn
      His resolve is correct like the resolve and deeds of the prophets,
      His opinion is firm like the opinion and felicity of the fortunate:
      Just like his father, he is great, world-possessing, auspicious,
      Just like his father, he is noble, Muslim, pure of faith.
      (Classical Persian transliteration)
    • c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 217”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divan of Hafez]‎:
      مسلمانان مرا وقتی دلی بود
      که با وی گفتمی گر مشکلی بود
      musalmānān ma-rā waqtē dilē būd
      ki bā way guftamē gar muškilē būd
      Muslims! I once used to have a heart
      To whom I would talk, should I have a problem.
      (Classical Persian romanization)

Inflection
Enclitic-attached forms


    Basic forms of مسلمان (mosalmân)
singular plural
bare مسلمان
(mosalmân)		 مسلمانان
(mosalmânấn)
مسلمانا △
(mosalmânấ)
definitive direct object مسلمان را
(mosalmân râ)
مسلمان رو △
(mosalmâno)		 مسلمانان را
(mosalmânấn râ)
مسلمانا رو △
(mosalmânấ ro)
ezâfe مسلمان
(mosalmân-e)		 مسلمانان
(mosalmânấn-e)
مسلمانای △
(mosalmânấ-ye)
marked indefinite
or relative definite		 مسلمانی
(mosalmân-i)		 مسلمانانی
(mosalmânấn-i)
مسلمانایی △
(mosalmânấi)
△ Colloquial.
    Predicative forms of مسلمان (mosalmân)
singular plural
1st person
(“I am, we are”)		 مسلمانم
(mosalmânam)		 مسلمانیم
(mosalmânim)
2nd person
(“you are”)		 مسلمانی
(mosalmâni)		 مسلمانید
(mosalmânid)
مسلمانین △
(mosalmânin)
3rd person
(“he/she/it is, they are”)		 مسلمان است
(mosalmân ast)
مسلمانه △
(mosalmâne)		 مسلمانند
(mosalmânand)
مسلمانن △
(mosalmânan)
△ Colloquial.

Descendants

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian مسلمان (musalmān), from Arabic مُسْلِم (muslim). Compare Punjabi ਮੁਸਲਮਾਨ (muslamān) / مُسَلمان (musalmān), Gujarati મુસલમાન (musalmān), Marathi मुसलमान (musalmān), Bengali মুসলমান (musolman). First attested as Old Hindi मुसलमांन (musalamā̃na).

Pronunciation
  • (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /mʊ.səl.mɑːn/
  • Rhymes: -ɑːn
  • Hyphenation: مُ‧سَل‧مان

Noun

مُسَلْمان • (musalmān) m (Hindi spelling मुसलमान)

  1. (Islam) Muslim

Further reading
  • “مسلمان”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “مسلمان”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “مسلمان”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “مسلمان”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
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