كركند

From an Aramaic cognate of Classical Syriac ܩܪܟܕܢܐ (qarkeḏnā), from Hittite [Term?], like Hebrew כַּדְכֹּד (kaḏkoḏ, “an uncertain gem”), Sanskrit कर्केतन (karketana, “chrysoberyl”), Old Armenian կարկեհան (karkehan, “a red gem”) (borrowed from Parthian *karkaðan, to which also belong Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (karkēhanēn) (in the Rivāyat accompanying the Dādestān ī Dēnīg), Persian کرکهان (karkahân), کرکهن (karkahan, “amethyst”) that passed into Arabic كَرْكُهَان (karkuhān), كَرْكُهَن (karkuhan, “amethyst”)), Khotanese [script needed] (kirkīyaṃ), Ancient Greek χαλκηδών (khalkēdṓn), χαλχηδόνιος (khalkhēdónios), χαρχηδόνιος (kharkhēdónios).

IPA^(key): /kar.kand/

كَرْكَنْد • (karkand) m

1. ruby spinel, a precious stone from the spinel mineral

   Hypernym: لَعْل (laʕl)

   • a. 1248, ابن البيطار [Ibn al-Bayṭār], الجامع لمفردات الأدوية والأغذية [De simplicibus medicinis opus magnum]:

     كركند: الغافقي قيل أنه حجر يشبه الياقوت الأحمر غير أنه ليس في نضارته ولا جنسه وإذا نفخ عليه النار انكسر والمبرد يعمل فيه عملاً خفيفاً.

     Ruby spinel: Al-Ġāfaqīy: It is said to be a stone similar to ruby but it isn’t in its shine nor value. And when fire is blown upon it then it bursts. The file works upon it but feebly.

2. lobster

• → Ge'ez: ከርከንድ (kärkänd), ከረከንድ (käräkänd), ከርከንዴ (kärkände)

• Dillmann, August (1865) “ከረከንድ”, in Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 839
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “كركند”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 459
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 167
• Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895) Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 199
• Laufer, Berthold (1922) “Sanskrit karketana”, in Mémoires de la Société de Linguistique de Paris (in French), volume 22, pages 43–46
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) “ከረከንድ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 291
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 171
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “كركند”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 962