صوم

Arabic

Etymology 1

Compare with Hebrew צוֹם (ṣōm), Ge'ez ጾም (ṣom, “fast”), Ugaritic 𐎑𐎎 (ẓm, “fast”). Nöldeke was convinced that the meaning “to fast” is borrowed from the Aramaic צומא / ܨܰܘܡܳܐ (ṣōmā, ṣawmā, “fast”), referring to the verb’s meaning “to stand still”, Jeffery says that the Arabic verb is “obviously denominative from صَوْم (ṣawm)” and notes that the term is only used in late Qurʾānic passages. Cognate with Armenian ծոմ (com, “fast”) from Aramaic.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sˤawm/

Noun

صَوْم • (ṣawm) m

verbal noun of صَامَ (ṣāma) (form I)
1. fast, sawm (period of abstainment, usually from food and drink)

Declension

Declension of noun صَوْم (ṣawm)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	صَوْم ṣawm	الصَّوْم aṣ-ṣawm	صَوْم ṣawm
Nominative	صَوْمٌ ṣawmun	الصَّوْمُ aṣ-ṣawmu	صَوْمُ ṣawmu
Accusative	صَوْمًا ṣawman	الصَّوْمَ aṣ-ṣawma	صَوْمَ ṣawma
Genitive	صَوْمٍ ṣawmin	الصَّوْمِ aṣ-ṣawmi	صَوْمِ ṣawmi

Synonyms

صِيَام (ṣiyām)

Related terms

صَلَاة (ṣalāh, “prayer, salat”)
زَكَاة (zakāh, “almsgiving, zakat”)
دُعَاء (duʕāʔ, “supplication, du'a'”)

References

Freytag, Georg (1833) “صوم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 534
Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 201–202
Lane, Edward William (1863) “صوم”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate
Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft‎ (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 36

Etymology 2

Verb form II from the root ص و م (ṣ-w-m).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sˤaw.wa.ma/

Verb

صَوَّمَ • (ṣawwama) II, non-past يُصَوِّمُ‎ (yuṣawwimu)

to cause to fast

Conjugation

Conjugation of

صَوَّمَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَصْوِيم taṣwīm
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُصَوِّم muṣawwim
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُصَوَّم muṣawwam
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	صَوَّمْتُ ṣawwamtu	صَوَّمْتَ ṣawwamta	صَوَّمَ ṣawwama	صَوَّمْتُمَا ṣawwamtumā	صَوَّمَا ṣawwamā	صَوَّمْنَا ṣawwamnā	صَوَّمْتُمْ ṣawwamtum	صَوَّمُوا ṣawwamū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	صَوَّمْتُ ṣawwamtu	صَوَّمْتِ ṣawwamti	صَوَّمَتْ ṣawwamat	صَوَّمْتُمَا ṣawwamtumā	صَوَّمَتَا ṣawwamatā	صَوَّمْنَا ṣawwamnā	صَوَّمْتُنَّ ṣawwamtunna	صَوَّمْنَ ṣawwamna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُصَوِّمُ ʔuṣawwimu	تُصَوِّمُ tuṣawwimu	يُصَوِّمُ yuṣawwimu	تُصَوِّمَانِ tuṣawwimāni	يُصَوِّمَانِ yuṣawwimāni	نُصَوِّمُ nuṣawwimu	تُصَوِّمُونَ tuṣawwimūna	يُصَوِّمُونَ yuṣawwimūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُصَوِّمُ ʔuṣawwimu	تُصَوِّمِينَ tuṣawwimīna	تُصَوِّمُ tuṣawwimu	تُصَوِّمَانِ tuṣawwimāni	تُصَوِّمَانِ tuṣawwimāni	نُصَوِّمُ nuṣawwimu	تُصَوِّمْنَ tuṣawwimna	يُصَوِّمْنَ yuṣawwimna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُصَوِّمَ ʔuṣawwima	تُصَوِّمَ tuṣawwima	يُصَوِّمَ yuṣawwima	تُصَوِّمَا tuṣawwimā	يُصَوِّمَا yuṣawwimā	نُصَوِّمَ nuṣawwima	تُصَوِّمُوا tuṣawwimū	يُصَوِّمُوا yuṣawwimū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُصَوِّمَ ʔuṣawwima	تُصَوِّمِي tuṣawwimī	تُصَوِّمَ tuṣawwima	تُصَوِّمَا tuṣawwimā	تُصَوِّمَا tuṣawwimā	نُصَوِّمَ nuṣawwima	تُصَوِّمْنَ tuṣawwimna	يُصَوِّمْنَ yuṣawwimna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُصَوِّمْ ʔuṣawwim	تُصَوِّمْ tuṣawwim	يُصَوِّمْ yuṣawwim	تُصَوِّمَا tuṣawwimā	يُصَوِّمَا yuṣawwimā	نُصَوِّمْ nuṣawwim	تُصَوِّمُوا tuṣawwimū	يُصَوِّمُوا yuṣawwimū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُصَوِّمْ ʔuṣawwim	تُصَوِّمِي tuṣawwimī	تُصَوِّمْ tuṣawwim	تُصَوِّمَا tuṣawwimā	تُصَوِّمَا tuṣawwimā	نُصَوِّمْ nuṣawwim	تُصَوِّمْنَ tuṣawwimna	يُصَوِّمْنَ yuṣawwimna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		صَوِّمْ ṣawwim		صَوِّمَا ṣawwimā			صَوِّمُوا ṣawwimū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		صَوِّمِي ṣawwimī		صَوِّمَا ṣawwimā			صَوِّمْنَ ṣawwimna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	صُوِّمْتُ ṣuwwimtu	صُوِّمْتَ ṣuwwimta	صُوِّمَ ṣuwwima	صُوِّمْتُمَا ṣuwwimtumā	صُوِّمَا ṣuwwimā	صُوِّمْنَا ṣuwwimnā	صُوِّمْتُمْ ṣuwwimtum	صُوِّمُوا ṣuwwimū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	صُوِّمْتُ ṣuwwimtu	صُوِّمْتِ ṣuwwimti	صُوِّمَتْ ṣuwwimat	صُوِّمْتُمَا ṣuwwimtumā	صُوِّمَتَا ṣuwwimatā	صُوِّمْنَا ṣuwwimnā	صُوِّمْتُنَّ ṣuwwimtunna	صُوِّمْنَ ṣuwwimna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُصَوَّمُ ʔuṣawwamu	تُصَوَّمُ tuṣawwamu	يُصَوَّمُ yuṣawwamu	تُصَوَّمَانِ tuṣawwamāni	يُصَوَّمَانِ yuṣawwamāni	نُصَوَّمُ nuṣawwamu	تُصَوَّمُونَ tuṣawwamūna	يُصَوَّمُونَ yuṣawwamūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُصَوَّمُ ʔuṣawwamu	تُصَوَّمِينَ tuṣawwamīna	تُصَوَّمُ tuṣawwamu	تُصَوَّمَانِ tuṣawwamāni	تُصَوَّمَانِ tuṣawwamāni	نُصَوَّمُ nuṣawwamu	تُصَوَّمْنَ tuṣawwamna	يُصَوَّمْنَ yuṣawwamna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُصَوَّمَ ʔuṣawwama	تُصَوَّمَ tuṣawwama	يُصَوَّمَ yuṣawwama	تُصَوَّمَا tuṣawwamā	يُصَوَّمَا yuṣawwamā	نُصَوَّمَ nuṣawwama	تُصَوَّمُوا tuṣawwamū	يُصَوَّمُوا yuṣawwamū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُصَوَّمَ ʔuṣawwama	تُصَوَّمِي tuṣawwamī	تُصَوَّمَ tuṣawwama	تُصَوَّمَا tuṣawwamā	تُصَوَّمَا tuṣawwamā	نُصَوَّمَ nuṣawwama	تُصَوَّمْنَ tuṣawwamna	يُصَوَّمْنَ yuṣawwamna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُصَوَّمْ ʔuṣawwam	تُصَوَّمْ tuṣawwam	يُصَوَّمْ yuṣawwam	تُصَوَّمَا tuṣawwamā	يُصَوَّمَا yuṣawwamā	نُصَوَّمْ nuṣawwam	تُصَوَّمُوا tuṣawwamū	يُصَوَّمُوا yuṣawwamū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُصَوَّمْ ʔuṣawwam	تُصَوَّمِي tuṣawwamī	تُصَوَّمْ tuṣawwam	تُصَوَّمَا tuṣawwamā	تُصَوَّمَا tuṣawwamā	نُصَوَّمْ nuṣawwam	تُصَوَّمْنَ tuṣawwamna	يُصَوَّمْنَ yuṣawwamna

Hijazi Arabic

Root
ص و م
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sˤoːm/, [sˤo̞ːm]

Noun

صوم • (ṣōm) m

fast (abstainment, usually from food and drink)
Synonym: صِيَام (ṣiyām)

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ص و م
3 terms

Etymology

From Arabic صَوْم (ṣawm). Equivalent to the verbal noun of صام (ṣām, “to fast”) .

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sˤoːm/, [sˤoːm]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)

Noun

صوم • (ṣōm) m

fast (abstainment, usually from food and drink)
Synonym: صيام (ṣyām)

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