ش ك م

Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou suggests a causative, which would be Proto-Semitic *ša-, attached to كَمَّ (kamma, “to muzzle”), which would probably mean this root, and perhaps the other too, is an Aramaic borrowing, since Proto-Semitic š regularly gives Arabic س (s), unless it had a variant *śa-. Compare also شِكَال (šikāl, “hobble”). Perhaps extended from شَكَّ (šakka, “to stick together”) then. But both شِكَال (šikāl, “hobble”) and شَكِيمَة (šakīma, “bit, snaffle”) are suspicious of Middle Iranian origin.

ش ك م • (š-k-m)

1. related to bitting

• Form I: شَكَمَ (šakama, “to bit, to stop the mouth; to requit, to remunerate, to compensate”)
  • Verbal noun: شَكْم (šakm)
  • Active participle: شَاكِم (šākim)
  • Passive participle: مَشْكُوم (maškūm)
• Form IV: أَشْكَمَ (ʔaškama, “to requit, to remunerate, to compensate”)
  • Verbal noun: إِشْكَام (ʔiškām)
  • Active participle: مُشْكِم (muškim)
  • Passive participle: مُشْكَم (muškam)

• شُكْم (šukm, “remuneration, compensation”)
• شُكْمَى (šukmā, “remuneration, compensation”)
• شَكِيمَة (šakīma, “bit, snaffle”)

• Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2017), Dictionnaire du faisceau dialectal arabe andalou. Perspectives phraséologiques et étymologiques (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 723
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “ش ك م”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 779
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “ش ك م”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 444
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “ش ك م”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1588–1589
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ش ك م”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 670–671